Enhancing faecal sludge management in peri-urban areas of Lusaka through faecal sludge valorisation: challenges and opportunities

Tembo, James Madalitso; Nyirenda, Edwin; Nyambe, Imasiku

doi:10.1088/1755-1315/60/1/012025

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The success of FSM in any country need an availability of a system that could handling all aspects of FSM including safe faecal sludge emptying, transportation, treatment and disposal [18]. Developing solutions for FSM will be an ongoing need into the future, if we are to achieve solutions for global sanitation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scheduled Faecal Sludge Service (SFSS) for Sustainable Faecal Sludge Management in Cilacap

2020

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In accordance with the 6’th Sustainable Development Goals (SDG's), that ensurin availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all and with the launch of the 100-0-100 movement by Indonesian Government, which is a program to achieve the 100% accesss for water, 0% for slums, and 100% accesss to proper sanitation, Cilacap government need to work harder to achieve 100% accesss to proper sanitation especially in faecal sludge management that still needs to be improved. More than 98% households in Cilacap are using on-site sanitation system, without periodicaly emptied, and its causing problems in public health, and has impact for environmental and economic nearby communities. This study was held in Cilacap, a municipal in Central Java, Indonesia, using secondary data and literature review. This study aims to analyze feseability of the plan of implementation Scheduled Faecal Sludge Service (SFSS). Based on analysis, Cilacap are feasible to implementing SFSS as long as Cilacap could ensure to repair all gaps that shown in Gap analysis. Data of sludge service areas in cilacap, operating patterns, SFSS implementation procedures, and financial calculations must be made on preparation stage of SFSS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scheduled Faecal Sludge Service (SFSS) for Sustainable Faecal Sludge Management in Cilacap

2020

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“…Although diapers can be disposed of together with the other forms of solid waste, in PUAs, they also end up in pit latrines and is one of the biggest contributor to textile component as is evident in Figure 6 above. Solid waste disposal in pit latrines is also a result of unavailability of functional solid waste management systems in these areas (Tembo et. al., 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the excreta is picked, an appreciable amount of soil is also collected and this ends up in the latrine. Grit also comes from the unlined portions of the latrines (Tembo et al, 2016). However, the majority of the grit ending up in the emptied sludge was observed to have been from the desludging method used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other nonbiodegradable materials are deliberately disposed of in pit latrines. For PUAs in Lusaka, which are defined as "Areas within the jurisdiction of the local authority, having high population density and low cost housing units lacking basic services such as water supply, roads and sewerage (MLGH, 2014;NWASCO/ DTF, 2005), Tembo et al, (2016), contend that one of the reasons for the disposal of solid waste in pit latrines is the absence of functional solid waste management systems in these areas which leaves residents with no other option of solid waste disposal. Regardless of the source, solid waste usually poses a challenge in processing of faecal sludge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pit latrine faecal sludge solid waste quantification and characterization to inform the design of treatment facilities in peri-urban areas: A case study of Kanyama

Tembo¹,

Matanda²,

Banda³

et al. 2019

Afr. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The purpose of the study was to quantify waste content in faecal sludge using an appropriate method and characterise the solid wastes inherent with the faecal sludge into categories. A total of eight (8) domestic pit-latrines were analysed in the peri-urban area of Kanyama settlement in Lusaka from July to October, 2018. From each latrine, three (3) samples were obtained for analysis of solid waste and sand/grit quantities. The quantified solid waste was further characterised to generate its composition. The method of estimation involved separation of the excreta from the solid waste and grit/sand of the faecal sludge by means of washing and drying of the contents. The results indicated high content of total waste, taken as the summation of all the solid waste including grit/sand which averaged 34.2±10.3% (n=24) per wet mass of faecal sludge and 68.9±8.0% (n=24) per dry mass of faecal sludge. Characterisation of the solid waste in the faecal sludge (n=24) showed a composition of 54.4±13.3% textiles, 16.7±6.4% plastics, 8.6±9.3% others, 8.6±5.8% organic waste, 7.6±4.8% paper, 3.1±3.6% metal and 1.0±1.2% glass. The high content of waste has an implication on the handling of faecal sludge especially at the stages of desludging, treatment and disposal/re-use. The study proposed and recommended implementation of user education, improving solid waste management systems in periurban areas and studying the feasibility of placing some facilities like biogas digesters above ground to facilitate removal of grit, which is usually problematic with underground facilities. The study also proposed and recommended strengthening the regulation on the construction and operations of latrines, which should be supported by enacting a responsive regulatory framework to ensure all measures, are effectively implemented.

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“…While the disposal of solid waste into pit latrines and other sanitation systems is detrimental to transport and treatment of the faecal sludge, and is therefore discouraged, it frequently happens nonetheless. The reasons for this vary, but the lack of alternative solid waste disposal options and the stigma surrounding menstrual hygiene are two common examples (Radford et al, 2015; Tembo et al, 2017). A flush should not necessarily accommodate this behaviour, but it is likely that menstrual absorbents are disposed regardless of user instruction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field testing of a prototype mechanical dry toilet flush

Hennigs

Ravndal

Blose

et al. 2019

Science of The Total Environment

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A prototype of a non-fluid based mechanical toilet flush was tested in a semi-public, institutional setting and in selected peri-urban households in eThekwini municipality, Republic of South Africa. The mechanism's functionality and users' perception of the flush were assessed. User perception varied depending on background: Users accustomed to porcelain water flush toilets were open to, yet reserved about the idea of using a waterless flush in their homes. Those who commonly use Urine Diversion Dehydration Toilets were far more receptive. The user-centred field trials were complemented by a controlled laboratory experiment, using synthetic urine, -faeces, and -menstrual blood, to systematically assess the efficiency of three swipe materials to clean the rotating bowl of the flush. A silicone rubber with oil-bleed-effect was found to be the best performing material for the swipe. Lubrication of the bowl prior to use further reduced fouling. A mechanical waterless flush that does not require consumables, like plastic wrappers, is a novelty and could – implemented in existing dry toilet systems – improve acceptance and thus the success of waterless sanitation.

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Enhancing faecal sludge management in peri-urban areas of Lusaka through faecal sludge valorisation: challenges and opportunities

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Scheduled Faecal Sludge Service (SFSS) for Sustainable Faecal Sludge Management in Cilacap

Scheduled Faecal Sludge Service (SFSS) for Sustainable Faecal Sludge Management in Cilacap

Pit latrine faecal sludge solid waste quantification and characterization to inform the design of treatment facilities in peri-urban areas: A case study of Kanyama

Field testing of a prototype mechanical dry toilet flush

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