Enhancing Feature Point‐Based Video Watermarking against Geometric Attacks with Template

Abstract

As the Internet and communication technologies have developed quickly, the spread and usage of online video content have become easier, which results in major infringement problems. While video watermarking may be a viable solution for digital video content copyright protection, overcoming geometric attacks is a significant challenge. Although feature point-based watermarking algorithms are expected to be very resistant to these attacks, they are sensitive to feature region localization errors, resulting in poor watermark extraction accuracy. To solve this issue, we introduce the template to enhance the location accuracy of feature point-based watermarking. Furthermore, a scene change-based frame allocation method is presented, which arranges the template and the watermark to be embedded into different frames and eliminates their mutual interference, enhancing the performance of the proposed algorithm. According to the experimental results, our algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of robustness against geometric attacks under close imperceptibility.

Invisible Video Watermarking Based on Frame Selection and LSB Embedding

“…In the spatial domain, there are four different types of watermarking systems [14]: LSB-based [5,15], block-based [16], statistical [17,18] and feature point-based [19]. In LSB-based, the watermark is embedded by changing the LSB of each pixel in the host image or video.…”