Enhancing Information on Stage at Diagnosis for Childhood Cancer in Africa

Liu, Biying; Abraham, Natasha; Chitsike, Inam; Couitchere, Line; Balagadde-Kambugu, Joyce; Stévy, Nsimba Makouanzi Alda; Pondy, Angèle; Renner, Lorna; Parkin, Donald Maxwell

doi:10.22541/au.167844911.10698670/v1

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Applying the Toronto Guidelines Tier 1 staging criteria to data items collected retrospectively from medical records, stage at diagnosis could be assigned in this study for 70%–90% of childhood cancers. We have previously shown that not only is implementation of the Toronto Childhood Cancer Staging Guidelines (Tier 1) by cancer registries in Africa feasible, but that the accuracy of the assigned stage is good, and not much inferior to that of the clinicians 17 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stage at diagnosis and survival by stage for the leading childhood cancers in Rwanda

Businge,

Hagenimana,

Motlhale

et al. 2024

Pediatric Blood & Cancer

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BackgroundThe lack of accurate population‐based information on childhood cancer stage and survival in low‐income countries is a barrier to improving childhood cancer outcomes.MethodsIn this study, data from the Rwanda National Cancer Registry (RNCR) were examined for children aged 0–14 diagnosed in 2013–2017 for the eight most commonly occurring childhood cancers: acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), Burkitt lymphoma (BL), non‐Hodgkin lymphoma excluding BL, retinoblastoma, Wilms tumour, osteosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. Utilising the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines Tier 1, the study assigned stage at diagnosis to all, except HL, and conducted active follow‐ups to calculate 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year observed and relative survival by cancer type and stage at diagnosis.ResultsThe cohort comprised 412 children, of whom 49% (n = 202) died within 5 years of diagnosis. Five‐year survival ranged from 28% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.5%–45.6%) for BL to 68% (CI: 55%–78%) for retinoblastoma. For the cancers for which staging was carried out, it was assigned for 83% patients (n = 301 of 362), with over half (58%) having limited or localised stage at diagnosis. Stage was a strong predictor of survival; for example, 3‐year survival was 70% (95% CI: 45.1%–85.3%) and 11.8% (2.0%–31.2%) for limited and advanced non‐HL, respectively (p < .001).ConclusionThis study is only the second to report on stage distribution and stage‐specific survival for childhood cancers in sub‐Saharan Africa. It demonstrates the feasibility of the Toronto Stage Guidelines in a low‐resource setting, and highlights the value of population‐based cancer registries in aiding our understanding of the poor outcomes experienced by this population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stage at diagnosis and survival by stage for the leading childhood cancers in Rwanda

Businge,

Hagenimana,

Motlhale

et al. 2024

Pediatric Blood & Cancer

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“…Decisions on the selected treatment regimen depend on the stage of the lesion and the histopathological result [17]. Nephroblastoma stages are distinguished according to the local extent of the lesion, infiltration of surrounding tissues and the presence of distant metastases [18].…”

Section: The Incidence Of Distant Metastases At the Time Of Diagnosis...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on Wilms tumor

Kister,

Laskowski,

Bronst

et al. 2023

J Educ Health Sport

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Background: Wilms' tumor is the most common childhood renal neoplasm. Among the worst prognosis forms are the bilateral form. The symptom complex is non-specific for malignancy; the first symptoms may include hypertension. Hematuria occurs in 30% of patients. The incidence of distant metastases at the time of diagnosis in children with Wilms' tumor is estimated to be about 20%.The purpose of this article is to present a review of the literature on the standardization of diagnosis, the latest treatment standards and to assess the prognosis of Wilms' Tumor. Matherial and methods: Using PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases, the authors reviewed the peer-reviewed international literature from 1980-2023 using the keywords: "Wilms tumor," "renal tumor," "nephroblastoma." Discussion: Bilateral tumors have the worst prognosis - according to the National Wilms Tumor Study Group, long-term survival is achieved in only 12% to 56% of patients. The prognosis of Wilms' tumor is also dependent on the occurrence of recurrences - local as well as localized outside the renal tissue. A factor directly affecting long-term survival is recurrence, mainly observed within 24 months after the end of therapy. The limitations of conventional therapies, including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, in preventing recurrence in WT patients and their potential to cause long-term side effects. Conclusions: Bilateral Wilms tumor is associated with more aggressive therapy than unilateral disease.In single kidney disease, therapeutic management is aimed at radical removal of all tumor foci, whereas in bilateral tumor, the goal of any management should additionally be to try to preserve the best possible renal function. Screening in children is important in cancer. General physicians should refer patients for additional imaging studies when there are any diagnostic doubts, as cancer is characterized by a long, asymptomatic development.

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Enhancing Information on Stage at Diagnosis for Childhood Cancer in Africa

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Stage at diagnosis and survival by stage for the leading childhood cancers in Rwanda

Stage at diagnosis and survival by stage for the leading childhood cancers in Rwanda

Update on Wilms tumor

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