Enhancing PEEK surface bioactivity: Investigating the effects of combining sulfonation with sub-millimeter laser machining

Chayanun, Slila; Chanamuangkon, Theerapat; Boonsuth, Budsaraporn; Lohwongwatana, Boonrat; Boccaccını, Aldo R.

doi:10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100754

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The increase in the O/C ratio validates the augmented surface oxidation and functionalization, a pattern echoed in additional research focused on the impact of sulfonation 45 , 46 . Changes in functional group concentrations, including the rise in C–C and the reduction in C–O, lend further evidence to the chemical transformations prompted by sulfuric acid treatment 47 . While previous studies have documented the effects of UV laser treatment on surface elemental composition, it turns out that these effects exhibit a fluctuating pattern, especially in terms of the O/C ratio and the specific contents of C–C, C–O, and C=O.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

An investigation of methods to enhance adhesion of conductive layer and dielectric substrate for additive manufacturing of electronics

Xu,

Hui,

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Additive manufacturing of conductive layers on a dielectric substrate has garnered significant interest due to its promise to produce printed electronics efficiently and its capability to print on curved substrates. A considerable challenge encountered is the conductive layer’s potential peeling due to inadequate adhesion with the dielectric substrate, which compromises the durability and functionality of the electronics. This study strives to facilitate the binding force through dielectric substrate surface modification using concentrated sulfuric acid and ultraviolet (UV) laser treatment. First, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and nanoparticle silver ink were employed as the studied material. Second, the surface treatment of PEEK substrates was conducted across six levels of sulfuric acid exposure time and eight levels of UV laser scanning velocity. Then, responses such as surface morphology, roughness, elemental composition, chemical bonding characteristics, water contact angle, and surface free energy (SFE) were assessed to understand the effects of these treatments. Finally, the nanoparticle silver ink layer was deposited on the PEEK surface, and the adhesion force measured using a pull-off adhesion tester. Results unveiled a binding force of 0.37 MPa on unmodified surface, which escalated to 1.99 MPa with sulfuric acid treatment and 2.21 MPa with UV laser treatment. Additionally, cross-approach treatment investigations revealed that application sequence significantly impacts results, increasing binding force to 2.77 MPa. The analysis further delves into the influence mechanism of the surface modification on the binding force, elucidating that UV laser and sulfuric acid surface treatment methods hold substantial promise for enhancing the binding force between heterogeneous materials in the additive manufacturing of electronics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

An investigation of methods to enhance adhesion of conductive layer and dielectric substrate for additive manufacturing of electronics

Xu,

Hui,

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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“…Another group was designed to investigate the performance of sulfonated PEEK using different concentrations of H 2 SO 4 as the coagulants for the same sulfonation time. Specifically, the PEEK disks were immersed in concentrated H 2 SO 4 (95−98 wt %) at room temperature for 3 min and then coagulated with 5,10,15,20,30,35,40,45, and 50% v/v H 2 SO 4 for 1 h, respectively. These samples were denoted as SPS-n%, where n represents the concentration of H 2 SO 4 .…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sulfonation of PEEK is the process of immersing PEEK in a sulfonating agent (typically concentrated sulfuric acid) and then solidifying the PEEK surface with a coagulant (typically water). Several studies have demonstrated that the −SO 3 H groups are introduced into the molecular chain of PEEK by sulfonation, and a three-dimensional (3D) porous network is formed on the surface of sulfonated PEEK. − Zhao et al have shown that the 3D porous network exhibited remarkably enhanced bioactivity, cytocompatibility, and osseointegration compared with the smooth PEEK surface. Ouyang et al have demonstrated that sulfonated PEEK exhibited significant antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Formation Process and Mechanism of the 3D Porous Network on the Sulfonated PEEK Surface

Xie,

Xiao,

Song

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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A three-dimensional (3D) porous network can be prepared on the PEEK surface by sulfonation with enhanced osseointegration and antibacterial properties. However, few studies have been conducted on the formation mechanism of a 3D porous network. In this work, the surface and cross-sectional morphologies, chemical compositions, functional groups, surface wettability, and crystalline states of sulfonated PEEK were investigated at different sulfonation times and coagulant concentrations. The results show that the number of nodular structures and broken fibers on the sulfonated PEEK surface as well as the size of macrovoids in the cross sections increase with increasing sulfonation times when water is used as a coagulant. In contrast, dilute sulfuric acid as a coagulant can inhibit the formation of surface porous structures and macrovoids in the cross sections. Moreover, all of the sulfonated PEEK samples have the same chemical compositions but exhibit better hydrophilicity as the number of microsized pores decreases. It is proposed that non-solvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) occurs during the sulfonation process, and the formation mechanism of surface and cross-sectional morphologies is discussed. Furthermore, it is assumed that the air is trapped in the microsized pores, leaving the surface of the 3D porous network in the Cassie-wetting state. All of these preliminary results throw light on the nature of the sulfonation process and may guide further modification of the structures of sulfonated PEEK.

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“…In dental implantology, PEEK may be utilized to produce both dental implants and implant abutments [93][94][95]. Fiber-reinforced PEEK composites used for dental implants and abutments even show stress distribution to the bone tissues [96].…”

Section: Peekmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While initial curing occurs during printing through laser or light projection, final polymerization is achieved via additional curing in a light cure unit. A study found that photo-polymerized denture base material exhibited better mechanical properties than conventionally polymerized ones, although it did not assess any 3D printed denture base materials [94].…”

Section: D-printed Denture Base Resins (Additive Manufacturing)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of the Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility between CAD/CAM and Conventional Polymers Applied in Prosthetic Dentistry

Chuchulska,

Dimitrova,

Vlahova

et al. 2024

Polymers

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Modern media often portray CAD/CAM technology as widely utilized in the fabrication of dental prosthetics. This study presents a comparative analysis of the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing) polymers and conventional polymers commonly utilized in prosthetic dentistry. With the increasing adoption of CAD/CAM technology in dental laboratories and practices, understanding the differences in material properties is crucial for informed decision-making in prosthodontic treatment planning. Through a narrative review of the literature and empirical data, this study evaluates the mechanical strength, durability, esthetics, and biocompatibility of CAD/CAM polymers in comparison to traditional polymers. Furthermore, it examines the implications of these findings on the clinical outcomes and long-term success of prosthetic restorations. The results provide valuable insights into the advantages and limitations of CAD/CAM polymers, informing clinicians and researchers about their suitability for various dental prosthetic applications. This study underscores the considerable advantages of CAD/CAM polymers over conventional ones in terms of mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and esthetics for prosthetic dentistry. CAD/CAM technology offers improved mechanical strength and durability, potentially enhancing the long-term performance of dental prosthetics, while the biocompatibility of these polymers makes them suitable for a broad patient demographic, reducing the risk of adverse reactions. The practical implications of these findings for dental technicians and dentists are significant, as understanding these material differences enables tailored treatment planning to meet individual patient needs and preferences. Integration of CAD/CAM technology into dental practices can lead to more predictable outcomes and heightened patient satisfaction with prosthetic restorations.

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Enhancing PEEK surface bioactivity: Investigating the effects of combining sulfonation with sub-millimeter laser machining

Cited by 4 publications

References 48 publications

An investigation of methods to enhance adhesion of conductive layer and dielectric substrate for additive manufacturing of electronics

An investigation of methods to enhance adhesion of conductive layer and dielectric substrate for additive manufacturing of electronics

The Formation Process and Mechanism of the 3D Porous Network on the Sulfonated PEEK Surface

Comparative Analysis of the Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility between CAD/CAM and Conventional Polymers Applied in Prosthetic Dentistry

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