Enhancing Privacy and Data Security across Healthcare Applications Using Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Concepts

Liu, Haibing; Crespo, Rubén González; Martínez, Óscar Sanjuán

doi:10.3390/healthcare8030243

Cited by 69 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…However, the classic ABE does not fully ensure data privacy, effective collision prevention, or assurance of attribute revocation-based forward and backward security. Revocation has also resulted in significant computing costs [ 18 , 28 , 29 ], respectively. In order to increase data storage security and cloud computing performance, implementing blockchain technology and its security measures will become a critical study area.…”

Section: Cloud Security Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Security Risk Based on Moderating Factors for Blockchain Technology Applications in Cloud Storage to Achieve Secure Healthcare Systems

Jawarneh¹,

Alshar’e²,

Bhargava

et al. 2022

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

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Due to the high amount of electronic health records, hospitals have prioritized data protection. Because it uses parallel computing and is distributed, the security of the cloud cannot be guaranteed. Because of the large number of e-health records, hospitals have made data security a major concern. The cloud’s security cannot be guaranteed because it uses parallel processing and is distributed. The blockchain (BC) has been deployed in the cloud to preserve and secure medical data because it is particularly prone to security breaches and attacks such as forgery, manipulation, and privacy leaks. An overview of blockchain (BC) technology in cloud storage to improve healthcare system security can be obtained by reading this paper. First, we will look at the benefits and drawbacks of using a basic cloud storage system. After that, a brief overview of blockchain cloud storage technology will be offered. Many researches have focused on using blockchain technology in healthcare systems as a possible solution to the security concerns in healthcare, resulting in tighter and more advanced security requirements being provided. This survey could lead to a blockchain-based solution for the protection of cloud-outsourced healthcare data. Evaluation and comparison of the simulation tests of the offered blockchain technology-focused studies can demonstrate integrity verification with cloud storage and medical data, data interchange with reduced computational complexity, security, and privacy protection. Because of blockchain and IT, business warfare has emerged, and governments in the Middle East have embraced it. Thus, this research focused on the qualities that influence customers’ interest in and approval of blockchain technology in cloud storage for healthcare system security and the aspects that increase people’s knowledge of blockchain. One way to better understand how people feel about learning how to use blockchain technology in healthcare is through the United Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). A snowball sampling method was used to select respondents in an online poll to gather data about blockchain technology in Middle Eastern poor countries. A total of 443 randomly selected responses were tested using SPSS. Blockchain adoption has been shown to be influenced by anticipation, effort expectancy, social influence (SI), facilitation factors, personal innovativeness (PInn), and a perception of security risk (PSR). Blockchain adoption and acceptance were found to be influenced by anticipation, effort expectancy, social influence (SI), facilitating conditions, personal innovativeness (PInn), and perceived security risk (PSR) during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as providing an overview of current trends in the field and issues pertaining to significance and compatibility.

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Section: Cloud Security Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Security Risk Based on Moderating Factors for Blockchain Technology Applications in Cloud Storage to Achieve Secure Healthcare Systems

Jawarneh¹,

Alshar’e²,

Bhargava

et al. 2022

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

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“… 49 Such studies identified in this systematic review varied in their approach, with strategies including the use of shared keys in the event of the death of the patient (key-holder); 50 electronic medical records maintenance in a unified viewpoint; 51 secure cloud-based electronic medical records; 52 enhanced interoperability; 53 fine-grained access; 54 and privacy-preservation techniques. 50 , 55 , 56 In one of the few clinically trialled blockchain platforms we found, Lo and colleagues 57 integrated medical data from the National Medical Record system in Taiwan with clinic electronic medical records to create an alliance-based medical referral system. They also used a patient-centric approach by further developing an additional blockchain-based decentralised application to grant access rights and data control to patients, which allowed them to demonstrate a viable decentralised referral system and strong patient interest in accessing their own medical data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain applications in health care for COVID-19 and beyond: a systematic review

Ng¹,

Tan²,

Movva³

et al. 2021

The Lancet Digital Health

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The COVID-19 pandemic has had a substantial and global impact on health care, and has greatly accelerated the adoption of digital technology. One of these emerging digital technologies, blockchain, has unique characteristics (eg, immutability, decentralisation, and transparency) that can be useful in multiple domains (eg, management of electronic medical records and access rights, and mobile health). We conducted a systematic review of COVID-19-related and non-COVID-19-related applications of blockchain in health care. We identified relevant reports published in MEDLINE, SpringerLink, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Xplore, ScienceDirect, arXiv, and Google Scholar up to July 29, 2021. Articles that included both clinical and technical designs, with or without prototype development, were included. A total of 85 375 articles were evaluated, with 415 full length reports (37 related to COVID-19 and 378 not related to COVID-19) eventually included in the final analysis. The main COVID-19-related applications reported were pandemic control and surveillance, immunity or vaccine passport monitoring, and contact tracing. The top three non-COVID-19-related applications were management of electronic medical records, internet of things (eg, remote monitoring or mobile health), and supply chain monitoring. Most reports detailed technical performance of the blockchain prototype platforms (277 [66·7%] of 415), whereas nine (2·2%) studies showed real-world clinical application and adoption. The remaining studies (129 [31·1%] of 415) were themselves of a technical design only. The most common platforms used were Ethereum and Hyperledger. Blockchain technology has numerous potential COVID-19-related and non-COVID-19-related applications in health care. However, much of the current research remains at the technical stage, with few providing actual clinical applications, highlighting the need to translate foundational blockchain technology into clinical use.

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“…Results of the time series analysis revealed that the cost of data breaches and number of data breaches will increase in near future. Liu et al [29] proposed a system based on blockchain and distributed ledger-based improved biomedical security system (BDL-IBS), in order to strengthen privacy and security in healthcare applications. Chadwick et al [30] designed an architecture for sharing the cyber threat information.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morton Filter-Based Security Mechanism for Healthcare System in Cloud Computing

Bhatia

Malhotra²

2021

Healthcare

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Electronic health records contain the patient’s sensitive information. If these data are acquired by a malicious user, it will not only cause the pilferage of the patient’s personal data but also affect the diagnosis and treatment. One of the most challenging tasks in cloud-based healthcare systems is to provide security and privacy to electronic health records. Various probabilistic data structures and watermarking techniques were used in the cloud-based healthcare systems to secure patient’s data. Most of the existing studies focus on cuckoo and bloom filters, without considering their throughputs. In this research, a novel cloud security mechanism is introduced, which supersedes the shortcomings of existing approaches. The proposed solution enhances security with methods such as fragile watermark, least significant bit replacement watermarking, class reliability factor, and Morton filters included in the formation of the security mechanism. A Morton filter is an approximate set membership data structure (ASMDS) that proves many improvements to other data structures, such as cuckoo, bloom, semi-sorting cuckoo, and rank and select quotient filters. The Morton filter improves security; it supports insertions, deletions, and lookups operations and improves their respective throughputs by 0.9× to 15.5×, 1.3× to 1.6×, and 1.3× to 2.5×, when compared to cuckoo filters. We used Hadoop version 0.20.3, and the platform was Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6; we executed five experiments, and the average of the results has been taken. The results of the simulation work show that our proposed security mechanism provides an effective solution for secure data storage in cloud-based healthcare systems, with a load factor of 0.9. Furthermore, to aid cloud security in healthcare systems, we presented the motivation, objectives, related works, major research gaps, and materials and methods; we, thus, presented and implemented a cloud security mechanism, in the form of an algorithm and a set of results and conclusions.

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Enhancing Privacy and Data Security across Healthcare Applications Using Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Concepts

Cited by 69 publications

References 34 publications

Perceived Security Risk Based on Moderating Factors for Blockchain Technology Applications in Cloud Storage to Achieve Secure Healthcare Systems

Perceived Security Risk Based on Moderating Factors for Blockchain Technology Applications in Cloud Storage to Achieve Secure Healthcare Systems

Blockchain applications in health care for COVID-19 and beyond: a systematic review

Morton Filter-Based Security Mechanism for Healthcare System in Cloud Computing

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