Enhancing rare earth element transfer from phosphate rock to phosphoric acid using an inexpensive fly ash additive

Hakkar, Mohammed; Arhouni, Fatima Ezzahra; Mahrou, Ahmed; Bertau, Martin; Roy, Amit; Steiner, Gerald; Haneklaus, Nils; Mazouz, Hamid; Boukhair, Aziz; Benjellοun, Mohammed

doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2021.107166

Cited by 32 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Adsorption is one of the most appropriate technologies due to its simplicity of use, high removal effectiveness, and economic affordability [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. To adsorb phosphate from aqueous solutions, various materials have been investigated in batch experiments, such as chitosan [ 19 ], activated carbon [ 20 , 21 ], silica gel [ 22 ], clays [ 4 , 23 ], zeolites [ 24 , 25 ], carbon nanotubes [ 26 , 27 ], coal [ 28 , 29 ], and fly ash [ 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Phosphate Removal and Recovery Using a Calcium Silicate Hydrate Composite Monolithic Cryogel Column

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Toward the development of a practical and green approach for removing phosphate from water, a monolithic cryogel based on starch and calcium silicate hydrate (Cry–CSH) was employed as a phosphate adsorbent in a continuous flow system for the first time. The influence of flow rate, initial phosphate concentration, and adsorbent height on the adsorption efficiency was investigated. As the rate of flow and the initial concentration of phosphate increased, the total quantity of adsorbed phosphate dropped; however, the performance of the column was greatly enhanced by an increase in adsorbent height. The experimental data fit the Adams–Bohart model better than the Thomas and Yoon–Nelson models at the beginning of the adsorption process. To evaluate its applicability, the continuous flow system based on the monolithic Cry–CSH column was applied for the removal of phosphate from the discharge effluent of the Patong Municipality Wastewater Treatment Plant (Phuket, Thailand), achieving an excellent total adsorption of 94.61%.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Phosphate Removal and Recovery Using a Calcium Silicate Hydrate Composite Monolithic Cryogel Column

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In September 2021, it is reported that Greenland's new government is drafting legislation frameworks to ban uranium mining and it would cease the development of this RE project in the country (Jacob, 2021b). Hakkar et al (2021) recently presented enhanced REEs transfer from phosphate rocks to liquid phosphoric acid with additives (fly ash/pure silica) and this would reduce the transfer of REEs to phosphogypsum, which is typically discarded. Considering the phosphate rock reserves in Morocco (50 billion tonnes or about 70% of the reserves) and 577 ppm of total RE content, the reserves could be used to produce 7-15% of the global REO production.…”

Section: Current Developments Outside Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraints to rare earth elements supply diversification: Evidence from an industry survey

Ilankoon

Dushyantha

Mancheri

et al. 2022

Journal of Cleaner Production

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Phosphorus (P) fertilizers are the second most often used fertilizers in the world after nitrogen fertilizers [1]. During P fertilizer production, it is estimated that over 80% of the U contained in the PR ends up in the fertilizers [2][3][4][5], with the rest transferring to phosphogypsum tailings [6,7]. Most P fertilizers contain at least low U concentrations.…”

Section: Introduction 1background Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uranium Dissemination with Phosphate Fertilizers Globally: A Systematic Review with Focus on East Africa

Mwalongo,

Haneklaus,

Lisuma

et al. 2024

Sustainability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Growing concern has been expressed about uranium (U) accumulation in agricultural soils caused by the long-term application of mineral fertilizers. More than 80% of naturally occurring U transfers from phosphate rock (PR), the raw material used in mineral fertilizer production, to phosphorus (P) fertilizers. These fertilizers are then distributed on agricultural soils, where the U could accumulate over time and become a risk to the environment. The objective of this work was to review the reported content of U in P fertilizers, its potential dispersion in soils, and its uptake by plants in different countries in the world as reported in the literature. The articles for this systematic review were selected from the Scopus database published between 2003 and 2022. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) protocol were used. A total of 54 articles were assessed based on the standard inclusion and exclusion criteria. U concentrations in P fertilizers, agricultural soil dissemination, and plant uptake for available data were obtained and assessed. In order to compare a set of related data from the collected articles, box and whisker plots showing the distribution of U in P fertilizers are presented by region. The results from the reviewed articles show that the U concentrations in P fertilizer were in the range of 0.1–653 mg kg−1. Interestingly, Minjingu P fertilizers from Tanzania, which are used in six East African countries, showed the highest U concentrations (159 to 653 mg kg−1, average 390 mg kg−1). The reported U concentrations for these fertilizers are, in fact, comparable to those of conventional low-grade uranium deposits mined in Namibia and elsewhere. Additionally, approximately 96% of the reviewed articles indicate that fertilized soil has higher U concentrations than non-fertilized soils, hinting at a measurable effect of mineral fertilizer use. The review recommends U extraction during mineral fertilizer production so that potential environmental risks can be reduced and U resources that would otherwise be lost can be recovered and used to substitute conventional U mining elsewhere.

show abstract

Enhancing rare earth element transfer from phosphate rock to phosphoric acid using an inexpensive fly ash additive

Cited by 32 publications

References 11 publications

Continuous Phosphate Removal and Recovery Using a Calcium Silicate Hydrate Composite Monolithic Cryogel Column

Continuous Phosphate Removal and Recovery Using a Calcium Silicate Hydrate Composite Monolithic Cryogel Column

Constraints to rare earth elements supply diversification: Evidence from an industry survey

Uranium Dissemination with Phosphate Fertilizers Globally: A Systematic Review with Focus on East Africa

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About