Ensuring natural gas infrastructure is suitable for hydrogen service

Ott, Brian A.; Delafontaine, Laurent; Welchert, Nicholas A.; Dee, Sean J.; Reza, Ali

doi:10.1002/prs.12455

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This renewable energy source is increasingly utilized across various sectors, particularly in electricity production, transportation, and domestic energy supply. Hydrogen energy exhibits its unique advantages in these fields, proving to be an efficient and environmentally friendly solution [1][2][3]. In an innovative approach to energy transportation, the use of existing natural gas pipelines for the conveyance of hydrogen gas is being explored as a method to save energy and reduce emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Alloying Element on Hydrogen Adsorption and Diffusion on α-Fe(110) Surfaces: First Principles Study

Zhang,

Jiang

et al. 2024

Metals

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Based on first principles density functional theory (DFT) methods, this study employed the Cambridge Serial Total Energy Package (CASTEP) module within Materials Studio (MS) software under the generalized gradient approximation to investigate the adsorption, diffusion behavior, and electronic properties of hydrogen atoms on α-Fe(110) and α-Fe(110)-Me (Mn, Cr, Ni, Mo) surfaces, including calculations of their adsorption energies and density of states (DOS). The results demonstrated that doping with alloy atoms Me increased the physical adsorption energy of H2 molecules on the surface. Specifically, Mo doping elevated the adsorption energy from −1.00825 eV to −0.70226 eV, with the largest relative change being 30.35%. After doping with Me, the chemical adsorption energy of two hydrogen atoms does not change significantly, among which doping with Cr results in a decrease in the chemical adsorption energy. Building on this, further analysis of the chemical adsorption of single atoms on the surface was conducted. By comparing the adsorption energy and the bond length between a hydrogen atom and iron/dopant metal atom, it was found that Mo doping has the greatest impact, increasing the bond length by 58.58%. Analysis of the DOS functions under different doping conditions validated the interaction between different alloy elements and H atoms. Simultaneously, simulations were carried out on the energy barrier crossed by H atoms diffusing into the metal interior. The results indicate that Ni doping facilitates the diffusion of H atoms, while Cr, Mn, and Mo hinder their diffusion, with Mo having the most significant effect, where its barrier is 21.88 times that of the undoped surface. This conclusion offers deep insights into the impact of different doping elements on hydrogen adsorption and diffusion, aiding in the design of materials resistant to hydrogen embrittlement.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Alloying Element on Hydrogen Adsorption and Diffusion on α-Fe(110) Surfaces: First Principles Study

Zhang,

Jiang

et al. 2024

Metals

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“…[7][8][9] The pipeline networks for methane and ammonia extend about 300,000 miles and 2000 miles, respectively. [10][11][12] The blend of methane and hydrogen is also being explored for hydrogen transportation. 13,14 An advantage of blending hydrogen with ammonia is the increase in combustion energy during power generation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Sensor Technologies for Enabling the Hydrogen Economy

Ramaiyan,

Tsui,

Brosha

et al. 2023

ECS Sens. Plus

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Efforts to create a sustainable hydrogen economy are gaining momentum as governments all over the world are investing in hydrogen production, storage, distribution, and delivery technologies to develop a hydrogen infrastructure. This involves transporting hydrogen in gaseous or liquid form or using carrier gases such as methane, ammonia, or mixtures of methane and hydrogen. Hydrogen is a colorless, odorless gas and can easily leak into the atmosphere leading to economic loss and safety concerns. Therefore, deployment of robust low-cost sensors for various scenarios involving hydrogen is of paramount importance. Here, we review some recent developments in hydrogen sensors for applications such as leak detection, safety, and process monitoring in production, transport, and use scenarios. The status of methane and ammonia sensors is covered due to their important role in hydrogen production and transportation using existing natural gas and ammonia infrastructure. This review further provides an overview of existing commercial hydrogen sensors and also addresses the potential for hydrogen as an interferent gas for currently used sensors. This review can help developers and users make informed decisions about how to drive hydrogen sensor technology forward and to incorporate hydrogen sensors into the various hydrogen deployment projects in the coming decade.

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