Entangled radicals may explain lithium effects on hyperactivity

Zadeh-Haghighi, Hadi; Simon, Christoph

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-91388-9

Cited by 25 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 107 publications

(118 reference statements)

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“…The Hamiltonian for the RP system reads as follows: where and are the spin operators of radical electron A and B, respectively, is the nuclear spin operator of the isoalloxazine nitrogen of , similar to Refs. 39 , 72 , is the nuclear spin operator of the Li nucleus, and are HFCCs, taken from 39 , 77 , and is the Larmor precession frequency of the electrons due to the Zeeman effect. Ref 72 uses two nitrogen atoms, while for the purpose of the computational cost we use only the largest one without loss of generality.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following Ref. 39 , we considered . Note that moderate changes to the HFCC of lithium do not impact our results.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We showed how the quantum effects affect the rates, which then yields a change in the period of the clock. This is a significant step forward compared to the previous studies on xenon anesthesia 66 and the lithium effects on hyperactivity 39 , where the quantum effects were correlated to experimental findings without explicitly modeling the related chemical reaction networks. With a set of reasonable parameters, our model reproduces the experimental findings, as shown in Figs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lithium has two stable isotopes, and , which have different nuclear spin angular momentum, and , respectively. In a recent study, it has also been proposed that lithium affects hyperactivity via the clock center channel in the brain 39 . This study further predicted that the magnetic field would influence the potency of lithium treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors concluded that the presence of CRY is critical in axon outgrowth under low-intensity repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). It has also been suggested that RP may help explain xenon-induced anesthesia 66 and the lithium effects on mania 39 . It, therefore, seems RPs could play critical roles in the functionalities of the brain in general and the CC in particular.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radical pairs can explain magnetic field and lithium effects on the circadian clock

Zadeh-Haghighi

Simon

2022

Sci Rep

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Drosophila’s circadian clock can be perturbed by magnetic fields, as well as by lithium administration. Cryptochromes are critical for the circadian clock. Further, the radical pairs in cryptochrome also can explain magnetoreception in animals. Based on a simple radical pair mechanism model of the animal magnetic compass, we show that both magnetic fields and lithium can influence the spin dynamics of the naturally occurring radical pairs and hence modulate the circadian clock’s rhythms. Using a simple chemical oscillator model for the circadian clock, we show that the spin dynamics influence a rate in the chemical oscillator model, which translates into a change in the circadian period. Our model can reproduce the results of two independent experiments, magnetic field and lithium effects on the circadian clock. Our model predicts that stronger magnetic fields would shorten the clock’s period. We also predict that lithium influences the clock in an isotope-dependent manner. Furthermore, our model also predicts that magnetic fields and hyperfine interactions modulate oxidative stress. The findings of this work suggest that the quantum nature of radical pairs might play roles in the brain, as another piece of evidence in addition to recent results on xenon anesthesia and lithium effects on hyperactivity.

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