Enteric pathways in the stomach

Schemann, Michael; Reiche, Dania; Michel, Klaus

doi:10.1002/1097-0185(20010101)262:1<47::aid-ar1010>3.0.co;2-1

Cited by 51 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…However, there are conflicting data with respect to the central and peripheral mechanisms of action of opiates, examined using peripherally restricted agonists and antagonists (2,20,29,41). The neurochemical coding of enteric neurons of the stomach is not as fully characterized as neurons in other regions of the guinea pig gut, particularly the ileum (15,53). In contrast to other regions of the gastrointestinal tract, the subclasses of myenteric neuron in the …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…NPY is expressed by a significant proportion of myenteric neurons innervating the gastric mucosa. These neurons are either ChAT or NOS positive (50,51,53), although the major proportion of mucosal innervation is by cholinergic fibers (50). Although we detected significant overlap between MOR-IR and NPY-IR, prominent MOR-IR nerve fibers were not detected innervating the mucosa.…”

Section: G260mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…These numbers are similar to our own observations that 26% of all Hu-IR neurons in the corpus were MOR positive and that 88% of MOR-IR neurons are nitrergic. Nitrergic neurons are likely to be descending inhibitory motor neurons, interneurons, and secretomotor neurons innervating the mucosa (NPYϩ) (53). Thus the localization of MOR-IR to nitrergic neurons of both the corpus and antrum is consistent with the proposed peripheral suppressive effects of opiates on inhibitory transmission and with the associated elevations in tone.…”

Section: G260mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution and trafficking of the μ-opioid receptor in enteric neurons of the guinea pig

Lay

Carbone

DiCello

et al. 2016

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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Lay J, Carbone SE, DiCello JJ, Bunnett NW, Canals M, Poole DP. Distribution and trafficking of the -opioid receptor in enteric neurons of the guinea pig. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 311: G252-G266, 2016. First published June 30, 2016 doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00184.2016.-The -opioid receptor (MOR) is a major regulator of gastrointestinal motility and secretion and mediates opiate-induced bowel dysfunction. Although MOR is of physiological and therapeutic importance to gut function, the cellular and subcellular distribution and regulation of MOR within the enteric nervous system are largely undefined. Herein, we defined the neurochemical coding of MOR-expressing neurons in the guinea pig gut and examined the effects of opioids on MOR trafficking and regulation. MOR expression was restricted to subsets of enteric neurons. In the stomach MOR was mainly localized to nitrergic neurons (ϳ88%), with some overlap with neuropeptide Y (NPY) and no expression by cholinergic neurons. These neurons are likely to have inhibitory motor and secretomotor functions. MOR was restricted to noncholinergic secretomotor neurons (VIP-positive) of the ileum and distal colon submucosal plexus. MOR was mainly detected in nitrergic neurons of the colon (nitric oxide synthase positive, 87%), with some overlap with choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) OPIATES HAVE BEEN USED FOR millennia for their analgesic properties and continue to be routinely used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. Although opiate analgesics are effective, their use is associated with opioid-induced bowel dysfunction (OBD), a collection of on-target side effects that grossly impact gastrointestinal tract function. OBD can severely limit the use of opiates to treat pain, reducing patient quality of life and compliance, with intractable constipation the most significant problem (28).The direct inhibitory actions of opiates on the isolated colon were first demonstrated nearly a century ago by Trendelenburg. It is now established that opioids and opiates mediate their effects through actions at the ␦-, -, and -opioid G proteincoupled receptors (DOR, KOR, and MOR). These receptors are activated by over 20 endogenous opioid peptides that are generated by differential processing and cleavage of larger precursors, many of which are expressed within the gut (63). Endogenous opioid peptides, including endorphins, enkephalins, and dynorphins, are important regulators of gastrointestinal function and have dampening effects on motility and secretomotor function (70). Opiates, including morphine, mediate their effects on the gut through activation of the MOR expressed by enteric neurons, as demonstrated by mechanistic studies using selective MOR-targeting drugs and oprm1 Ϫ/Ϫ mice (reviewed by Refs. 52,70). In addition, peripherally restricted MOR antagonists, such as methylnaltrexone, have proven clinically efficacious in treating opiate-induced constipation. MOR agonists, including the peripherally restricted agonist loperamide, are commonly used as antidiarrheals.A large...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: G260mentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: G260mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Distribution and trafficking of the μ-opioid receptor in enteric neurons of the guinea pig

Lay

Carbone

DiCello

et al. 2016

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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“…Removal of areas of longitudinal muscle and myenteric plexus from the corpus resulted in the loss of fibers reactive for tachykinins from both the circular muscle and mucosa in the area covered by the lesion [89]. Consistent with this, retrograde tracing with DiI from the mucosa, circular and longitudinal muscles labeled myenteric neurons encoded by tachykinins [90]. Tachykinin immunoreactivity occurred in about 50 % of spinal gastric afferents and less than 10 % of vagal afferents in the rat, mouse and guinea pig stomach [9,10].…”

Section: Stomachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tachykinins and their functions in the gastrointestinal tract

Shimizu

Matsuyama

Shiina

et al. 2007

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

123

167

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In the gastrointestinal tract, tachykinins are peptide neurotransmitters in nerve circuits that regulate intestinal motility, secretion, and vascular functions. Tachykinins also contribute to transmission from spinal afferents that innervate the gastrointestinal tract and have roles in the responses of the intestine to inflammation. Tachykinins coexist with acetylcholine, the primary transmitter of excitatory neurons innervating the muscle, and act as a co-neurotransmitter of excitatory neurons. Excitatory transmission is mediated through NK1 receptors (primarily on interstitial cells of Cajal) and NK2 receptors on the muscle. Tachykinins participate in slow excitatory transmission at neuro-neuronal synapses, through NK1 and NK3 receptors, in both ascending and descending pathways affecting motility. Activation of receptors (NK1 and NK2) on the epithelium causes fluid secretion. Tachykinin receptors on immune cells are activated during inflammation of the gut. Finally, tachykinins are released from the central terminals of gastrointestinal afferent neurons in the spinal cord, particularly in nociceptive pathways.

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“…In this species, two distinct populations of neurons in the gastric myenteric ganglia can be distinguished including those (approximately 63%) containing ChAT and those (33%) expressing NOS (for review, see Schemann et al 2001). This specific neurochemical organization of the gastric enteric nervous system reflects clearly polarised motor pathway projections consisting of ascending excitatory cholinergic and descending inhibitory nitrergic populations.…”

Section: The Distribution and Chemical Coding Of Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The distribution and chemical coding of neurons supplying the sphincter of Oddi in mammals

Tomaszewska¹,

Kaleczyc²

2013

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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The major duodenal papilla (papilla of Vater) is an important structure associated with the biliary tract and, in some species, the pancreas. It usually represents a slight elevation on the intestinal mucosa where the dilated junction (ampulla of Vater) of the commmon bile duct and pancreatic duct enters the duodenum. The ampulla is surrounded by a specifically arranged muscle structure called the sphincter of Oddi (SO) which controls the flow of bile and pancreatic fluid. The function of the sphincter is regulated by a complex system that involves many hormonal and neural factors. The literature in the field contains detailed data on the morphology of the SO in a number of mammalian species. However, the comprehensive information about the anatomy and neurochemistry of the innervation of this structure is very limited. The present review article summarizes the current knowledge on the innervation of the SO in mammals. Special emphasis has been put on the localization and chemical coding of neurons contributing to this nerve supply.

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Enteric pathways in the stomach

Cited by 51 publications

References 35 publications

Distribution and trafficking of the μ-opioid receptor in enteric neurons of the guinea pig

Distribution and trafficking of the μ-opioid receptor in enteric neurons of the guinea pig

Tachykinins and their functions in the gastrointestinal tract

The distribution and chemical coding of neurons supplying the sphincter of Oddi in mammals

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