Enteric virus levels in river water

Tani, Naoto; Shimamoto, Ken; Ichimura, K.; Nishii, Yasuzi; Tomita, Susumu; Oda, Yutaka

doi:10.1016/0043-1354(92)90109-h

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Bacterial indicator levels (10 1 to 10 2 CFU or MPN/100 ml), viral indicators (< 10 2 PFU/100 ml), and pathogens (no detects for protozoa and one detect for virus) measured were within ranges reported for ocean waters (≤10 3 /100 ml, ≤10 2 /100 ml, and <10 2 /100 L respectively) (Griffin et al 1999, Muscillo et al 1997, Katayama et al 2004, Sobsey et al 2003, Lipp et al 2001, Wetz et al 2004, Fan et al 2001) and generally lower than those reported for river water (≤10 4 /100 ml, ≤10 4 /100 ml, ≤10 4 /100 L respectively) (Obi et al 2003, Lodder and Husman 2005, Westrell et al 2006, Tani et al 1992, Hachich et al 2004). Although the literature may be skewed towards measurements in impacted areas (as generally monitoring efforts focus on such sites), the results nevertheless suggest that the St. Lucie River Estuary is characterized by normal indicator levels for waters within urban areas.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Correlations between microbial indicators, pathogens, and environmental factors in a subtropical Estuary

Ortega

Solo‐Gabriele

Abdelzaher

et al. 2009

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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The objective of this study was to evaluate whether indicator microbes and physical-chemical parameters were correlated with pathogens within a tidally influenced estuary. Measurements included the analysis of physical-chemical parameters (pH, salinity, temperature, and turbidity), measurements of bacterial indicators (enterococci, fecal coliform, E. coli, and total coliform), viral indicators (somatic and MS2 coliphage), viral pathogens (enterovirus by culture), and protozoan pathogens (Cryptosporidium and Giardia). All pathogen results were negative with the exception of one sample which tested positive for culturable reovirus (8.5 MPN/100 L).. Notable physicalchemical parameters for this sample included low salinity (<1 ppt) and high water temperature (31°C ). Indicator bacteria and indicator virus levels for this sample were within average values typically measured within the study site and were low in comparison with levels observed in other freshwater environments. Overall results suggest that high levels of bacterial and viral indicators were associated with low salinity sites.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Correlations between microbial indicators, pathogens, and environmental factors in a subtropical Estuary

Ortega

Solo‐Gabriele

Abdelzaher

et al. 2009

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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“…We have been surveying enteric viruses in environmental water since 1982 (18)(19)(20). Except for coxsackie B viruses and echoviruses, the isolation patterns of serotypes of enteric viruses, as isolated from 1982 to 1987, were almost the same as in this study, suggesting that similar serotypes of polio, adeno, and reoviruses are isolated every year.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Seasonal Distribution of Adenoviruses, Enteroviruses and Reoviruses in Urban River Water

Tani

Dohi

Kurumatani

et al. 1995

Microbiology and Immunology

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In the 63-month period from January 1988 to March 1993, monthly levels of adenoviruses, enteroviruses (coxsackie B, polio, echo) and reoviruses in the urban river water in Nara Prefecture, Japan were in the range 0-25, 0-190 and 0-325, plaque forming units per liter (PFU/liter), and the average levels were 2.4, 40.6 and 56.2 PFU/liter, respectively. The peak reovirus level was found in winter during the cold weather months (Nov. to Mar.). The peak enterovirus level was found in summer (May to Sept.) but continued to be found in autumn-winter (Oct. to Jan.) from 1991 to 1993. The levels of adenoviruses were low throughout all 5 years, as compared to those of reoviruses and enteroviruses. Polioviruses were isolated following the administration of vaccine. Although a changing pattern of serotype prevalence was seen with the coxsackie B viruses and echoviruses from 1988 to 1993, this is not so for polioviruses, which remained almost unchanged for the five-year period. Adenoviruses were isolated throughout all five years, though in small numbers. Reoviruses were isolated most frequently throughout five years.

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“…No comparative data are available for other infectious viruses vs. coliphages in the same sample. However, some data that compared culturable viruses in the same water samples indicate that adenoviruses and enteroviruses [84,85] and rotavirus and enteroviruses [83,86] are found in concentrations of the same order of magnitude, and therefore the same ratio vs. somatic coliphages will be applicable. Moreover, the concentration of volumes greater than 1000 L is very seldom recommended and feasible, because higher volumes increase the uncertainty of the concentration methods [87], and if volumes greater than 1000 L are desired, several aliquots of 1000 L are recommended [88].…”

Section: Concentration Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coliphages as Model Organisms in the Characterization and Management of Water Resources

Torroella

Gutiérrez

Blanch

et al. 2016

Water

102

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Two groups of bacteriophages that infect Escherichia coli, somatic and F-specific coliphages, have been used in academia as both fecal and viral indicators for many years. Regulatory authorities in different parts of the world are beginning to consider coliphages as indicators of water quality in a range of settings. However, issues such as their potential replication in natural water environments, the cumbersome detection and enumeration methods, a lack of definition concerning which of the two groups should be included in future regulations, and the lack of a clear correlation between coliphages and human viruses and health risks in different water settings remain controversial. This review attempts to shed some light on these contentious issues. The conclusions are that: 1) supposing that they can replicate in some natural water settings, the contribution of coliphages replicated outside the gut will not affect the numbers contributed by fecal pollution and detected by strains recommended for standardized methods; 2) there are easy, fast, and cost-effective methods that can be used in routine laboratories after a little training; 3) perhaps the best option is to determine both groups in a single step; and 4) the low correlation of coliphages with human viruses and health risks is no worse than the correlation between different human viruses.

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Enteric virus levels in river water

Cited by 24 publications

References 7 publications

Correlations between microbial indicators, pathogens, and environmental factors in a subtropical Estuary

Correlations between microbial indicators, pathogens, and environmental factors in a subtropical Estuary

Seasonal Distribution of Adenoviruses, Enteroviruses and Reoviruses in Urban River Water

Coliphages as Model Organisms in the Characterization and Management of Water Resources

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