Enterococcus faecalis Antagonizes Pseudomonas aeruginosa Growth in Mixed-Species Interactions

Tan, Casandra Ai Zhu; Lam, Ling Ning; Biuković, Goran; Soh, Eliza Ye-Chen; Toh, Xiao Wei; Lemos, José A.; Kline, Kimberly

doi:10.1128/jb.00615-21

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…However, Tan et al . found that E. faecalis can lower the environmental pH by exporting lactic acid to antagonize P. aeruginosa growth within biofilms under iron-restricted conditions [ 41 ].…”

Section: Pathogenic Properties Of E Faecalis Assoc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Enterococcus faecalis in refractory apical periodontitis: from pathogenicity to host cell response

Deng

Lin

Liu

et al. 2023

Journal of Oral Microbiology

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Background: Refractory apical periodontitis (RAP) is an oral infectious disease characterised by persistent inflammation, progressive alveolar bone destruction, and delayed bone healing. RAP has received increasing attention, because it cannot be cured after repeated root canal therapies. The aetiology of RAP is related to the complex interplay between the pathogen and its host. However, the exact pathogenesis of RAP remains unclarified and includes several factors, such as microorganism immunogenicity, host immunity and inflammation, and tissue destruction and repair. Enterococcus faecalis is the dominant pathogen involved in RAP, and has evolved multiple strategies to ensure survival, which cause persistent intraradicular and extraradicular infections. Objective: To review the crucial role of E. faecalis in the pathogenesis of RAP, and open new avenues for prevention and treatment of RAP. Methods: The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for pertinent publications, employing the search terms “Enterococcus faecalis”, “refractory apical periodontitis”, “persistent periapical periodontitis”, “pathogenicity”, “virulence”, “biofilm formation”, “dentine tubule”, “immune cell”, “macrophage”, and “osteoblast”. Results and Conclusion: Besides its high pathogenicity due to various virulence mechanisms, E. faecalis modulates the macrophage and osteoblast responses, including regulated cell death, cell polarisation, cell differentiation, and inflammatory response. An in-depth understanding of the multifaceted host cell responses modulated by E. faecalis will help to design potential future therapeutic strategies and overcome the challenges of sustained infection and delayed tissue healing in RAP.

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Section: Pathogenic Properties Of E Faecalis Assoc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Enterococcus faecalis in refractory apical periodontitis: from pathogenicity to host cell response

Deng

Lin

Liu

et al. 2023

Journal of Oral Microbiology

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“…Studies have shown that drug efflux pumps were differentially expressed upon the co-culture of P. aeruginosa with streptococcal flora [ 122 ], with a role for quorum sensing and AI-2 signaling proposed. A role for the MexAB-OprM efflux pump has been proposed in growth antagonism of P. aeruginosa by Enterococcus faecalis , though the NalC-iron related mechanism of this modulation remains to be fully determined [ 123 ]. The recent finding that utilization of secondary metabolites produced by co-colonizing competitors underpins bacterial dominance suggests that efflux systems and metabolic flux will play an important role in shaping the dynamics of these communities [ 124 ].…”

Section: Efflux Pumps and Polymicrobial Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efflux, Signaling and Warfare in a Polymicrobial World

et al. 2023

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The discovery void of antimicrobial development has occurred at a time when the world has seen a rapid emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance, the ‘perfect storm’ as it has often been described. While the discovery and development of new antibiotics has continued in the research sphere, the pipeline to clinic has largely been fed by derivatives of existing classes of antibiotics, each prone to pre-existing resistance mechanisms. A novel approach to infection management has come from the ecological perspective whereby microbial networks and evolved communities already possess small molecular capabilities for pathogen control. The spatiotemporal nature of microbial interactions is such that mutualism and parasitism are often two ends of the same stick. Small molecule efflux inhibitors can directly target antibiotic efflux, a primary resistance mechanism adopted by many species of bacteria and fungi. However, a much broader anti-infective capability resides within the action of these inhibitors, borne from the role of efflux in key physiological and virulence processes, including biofilm formation, toxin efflux, and stress management. Understanding how these behaviors manifest within complex polymicrobial communities is key to unlocking the full potential of the advanced repertoires of efflux inhibitors.

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“…Interestingly, this synergistic relationship tends to be reversed under iron starvation. It has been shown that E. faecalis inhibits P. aeruginosa growth in mixed species biofilm culture in iron‐depleted environment (Tan et al., 2022). This inhibition is attributed to the upregulation of ldh1 in E. faecalis , which encodes the production of l ‐lactate dehydrogenase (Keogh et al., 2018).…”

Section: Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transition metals and Enterococcus faecalis: Homeostasis, virulence and perspectives

Ali

Cheung²,

Neelakantan³

2022

Molecular Oral Microbiology

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Enterococcus faecalis, a Gram-positive bacterium, is known to be a key player in several chronic infections as well as nosocomial, heart valve, urinary tract, surgical wound, and dental root canal infections. The capability to sense different transition metal levels and tune its response accordingly endows it with the potential to thrive and cause infections in several host niches. Over the past decade, our knowledge of how transition metals play a critical role in maintaining homeostasis of E. faecalis has improved significantly. The aim of this review is to elucidate the roles of metals such as iron, manganese, zinc, and copper in the physiology, metabolism, and pathogenicity of E. faecalis. These essential micronutrients contribute to energy production, redox stress response, expression of virulence determinants, and cooperation in polymicrobial communities. The review also highlights metal homeostasis systems in E. faecalis, which respond to fluctuations in extracellular metal levels, and regulate the intracellular metal content. Regulation of intracellular metallome secures the tolerance of E. faecalis to oxidative stress and host-mediated metal sequestration strategies. Therapeutic interventions which deprive E. faecalis of its essential metal requirements or disrupt its homeostatic control have been proposed to combat E. faecalis infections.

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Enterococcus faecalis Antagonizes Pseudomonas aeruginosa Growth in Mixed-Species Interactions

Abstract: Many infections are polymicrobial and biofilm-associated in nature. Iron is essential for many metabolic processes and plays an important role in controlling infections, where the host restricts iron as a defense mechanism against invading pathogens.

Cited by 25 publications

References 103 publications

Role of Enterococcus faecalis in refractory apical periodontitis: from pathogenicity to host cell response

Role of Enterococcus faecalis in refractory apical periodontitis: from pathogenicity to host cell response

Efflux, Signaling and Warfare in a Polymicrobial World

Transition metals and Enterococcus faecalis: Homeostasis, virulence and perspectives

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