Entropy Generation and Consequences of MHD in Darcy–Forchheimer Nanofluid Flow Bounded by Non-Linearly Stretching Surface

Abstract

Present communication aims to inspect the entropy optimization, heat and mass transport in Darcy-Forchheimer nanofluid flow surrounded by a non-linearly stretching surface. Navier-Stokes model based governing equations for non-Newtonian nanofluids having symmetric components in various terms are considered. Non-linear stretching is assumed to be the driving force whereas influence of thermal radiation, Brownian diffusion, dissipation and thermophoresis is considered. Importantly, entropy optimization is performed using second law of thermodynamics. Governing problems are converted into nonlinear ordinary problems (ODEs) using suitably adjusted transformations. RK-45 based built-in shooting mechanism is used to solve the problems. Final outcomes are plotted graphically. In addition to velocity, temperature, concentration and Bejan number, the stream lines, contour graphs and density graphs have been prepared. For their industrial and engineering importance, results for wall-drag force, heat flux (Nusselt) rate and mass flux (Sherwood) rate are also given in tabular data form. Outputs indicate that velocity reduces for Forchheimer number as well as for the porosity factor. However, a rise is noted in temperature distribution for elevated values of thermal radiation. Entropy optimization shows enhancement for larger values of temperature difference ratio. Skin-friction enhances for all relevant parameters involved in momentum equation.Symmetry 2020, 12, 652 2 of 23 in base liquid for a shorter period of time, the achieved results are more effective than using a simple base fluid. This formulated mixture is known as nanofluid. These mixtures have enormous applications in engineering, industry and advanced nanotechnology. The manufacturing procedures at micro-level industries, nuclear reactors and power engines are directly related to these formulations. Petroleum industry, chemical industry, geothermal industry, and other related fields are important in this context. The pioneer study on this formulation has been reported by Choi [1]. The process of heat transport had shown much improvement after involvement of nanofluids. In particular, the dramatic effect is noted in power engines, refrigerators, nuclear reactors, fuel cells, thermal management, etc. For example, Chamkha and Khaled [2] reported some similarity solutions of mixed convection and heat transfer in Darcy medium. Parvin and Chamkha [3] disclosed features of odd-shaped cavity filled with nanofluid.

Numerical Scrutinization of Darcy-Forchheimer Relation in Convective Magnetohydrodynamic Nanofluid Flow Bounded by Nonlinear Stretching Surface in the Perspective of Heat and Mass Transfer

“…An interesting study of Mustafa et al [ 4 ] disclosed an analysis on stagnation spot flow of nanofluids involving linear stretched sheet. For more details on this topic, one can see [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ] and cross references cited therein.…”

Second Grade Bioconvective Nanofluid Flow with Buoyancy Effect and Chemical Reaction

“…Akbar [9] investigated the bio-convection peristaltic convection of nanofluid in a given asymmetric channel saturated with gyrotactic micro-organisms. Mabood et al [10] reported a free convective flow of non-Newtonian-type nanofluids (see for example [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] to understand the term non-Newtonian nanofluids) in permeable medium saturated with gyrotactic-type micro-organisms.…”

Magnetohydrodynamic stagnation point on a Casson nanofluid flow over a radially stretching sheet

“…A Casson fluid over a non-isothermal cylinder, subjected to suction/blowing was analyzed by Ullah et al [31]. Moreover, various researchers have been investigating the Casson fluid model for different flow problems [32][33][34][35][36].…”