Enumerating asymptomatic COVID-19 cases and estimating SARS-CoV-2 fecal shedding rates via wastewater-based epidemiology

Schmitz, Bradley W.; Innes, Gabriel K.; Prasek, Sarah M.; Betancourt, Walter Q.; Stark, Erika R.; Foster, Aidan R.; Abraham, Alison G.; Gerba, Charles P.; Pepper, Ian L.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149794

Cited by 98 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…the circulation of the virus within school settings. This complementary approach was pioneered in a study in Arizona State for University students [31,32] and later in schools [25]. The study by Fielding-Miller et al highlighted that WBE increased the acceptance of routine and targeted clinical testing, by providing data led incentives and social acceptance in educational settings which are typically sites of low vaccine availability / acceptance and have hesitancy for other forms of testing.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 in school populations: A wastewater-based approach

Castro-Gutiérrez

Hassard

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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Clinical testing of children in schools is challenging, with economic implications limiting its frequent use as a monitoring tool of the risks assumed by children and staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, a wastewater-based epidemiology approach has been used to monitor 16 schools (10 primary, 5 secondary and 1 post-16 and further education) in England. A total of 296 samples over 9 weeks have been analysed for N1 and E genes using qPCR methods. Of the samples returned, 47.3% were positive for one or both genes with a detection frequency in line with the respective local community. WBE offers a low cost, non-invasive approach for supplementing clinical testing and can provide longitudinal insights that are impractical with traditional clinical testing.

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 in school populations: A wastewater-based approach

Castro-Gutiérrez

Hassard

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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“…At present, limitations regarding the accuracy of COVID-19 clinical testing data and uncertainties related to SARS-CoV-2 measurements in wastewater-including SARS-CoV-2 shedding rates and RNA stability in different sewersheds-preclude development and validation of a universal, quantitative model to predict disease incidence based on viral RNA concentrations in wastewater. Ongoing research continues to expand our understanding of critical model parameters and factors contributing to uncertainty, owing particularly to SARS-CoV-2 monitoring work completed at smaller scales (e.g., buildinglevel), 42 from which information about the contributing population can be obtained more easily than from larger sewersheds. An attempt to quantify COVID-19 case rates in NYC's sewersheds based on wastewater data at this time would be inaccurate, and is not currently recommended for application in the realm of public health.…”

Section: Relationships Between Sars-cov-2 Viral Loads In Wastewater A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater during New York City's second wave of COVID-19: sewershed-level trends and relationships to publicly available clinical testing data

Hoar

Chauvin²,

Clare³

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol.

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“…Wastewater samples were collected from the barangay sewer pipes in (1) 23-C, (2) 76-A Bucana, (3) Matina Crossing, and (4) Leon Garcia Sr., and from the creeks in (5) Mintal and (6) Tomas Monteverde between 8 AM to 3 PM once weekly for four weeks from 8 November to 12 December 2020. Weekly sampling was divided into two days, and barangay wastewater target sites in close proximity were sampled on the same day.…”

Section: Sample Collection and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SARS-CoV-2 is shed in the feces of symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 cases [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Over 50 countries utilized sewage wastewater monitoring for COVID-19, whether in national, regional, or localized sites [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifaceted Assessment of Wastewater-Based Epidemiology for SARS-CoV-2 in Selected Urban Communities in Davao City, Philippines: A Pilot Study

Otero

Murao

Limen

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Over 60 countries have integrated wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) in their COVID-19 surveillance programs, focusing on wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). In this paper, we piloted the assessment of SARS-CoV-2 WBE as a complementary public health surveillance method in susceptible communities in a highly urbanized city without WWTP in the Philippines by exploring the extraction and detection methods, evaluating the contribution of physico-chemical–anthropogenic factors, and attempting whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Weekly wastewater samples were collected from sewer pipes or creeks in six communities with moderate-to-high risk of COVID-19 transmission, as categorized by the City Government of Davao from November to December 2020. Physico-chemical properties of the wastewater and anthropogenic conditions of the sites were noted. Samples were concentrated using a PEG-NaCl precipitation method and analyzed by RT-PCR to detect the SARS-CoV-2 N, RdRP, and E genes. A subset of nine samples were subjected to WGS using the Minion sequencing platform. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in twenty-two samples (91.7%) regardless of the presence of new cases. Cycle threshold values correlated with RNA concentration and attack rate. The lack of a sewershed map in the sampled areas highlights the need to integrate this in the WBE planning. A combined analysis of wastewater physico-chemical parameters such as flow rate, surface water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and total dissolved solids provided insights on the ideal sampling location, time, and method for WBE, and their impact on RNA recovery. The contribution of fecal matter in the wastewater may also be assessed through the coliform count and in the context of anthropogenic conditions in the area. Finally, our attempt on WGS detected single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in wastewater which included clinically reported and newly identified mutations in the Philippines. This exploratory report provides a contextualized framework for applying WBE surveillance in low-sanitation areas.

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Enumerating asymptomatic COVID-19 cases and estimating SARS-CoV-2 fecal shedding rates via wastewater-based epidemiology

Cited by 98 publications

References 26 publications

Monitoring occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 in school populations: A wastewater-based approach

Monitoring occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 in school populations: A wastewater-based approach

Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater during New York City's second wave of COVID-19: sewershed-level trends and relationships to publicly available clinical testing data

Multifaceted Assessment of Wastewater-Based Epidemiology for SARS-CoV-2 in Selected Urban Communities in Davao City, Philippines: A Pilot Study

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