Environmental and economic performance analysis of recycling waste printed circuit boards using life cycle assessment

Pokhrel, Prakash; Lin, Sheng-Lung; Tsai, Chi-Ting

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111276

Cited by 58 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In addition, the environmental impact of e-waste has been well documented, with many studies providing a life cycle assessment of technology applications for e-waste recycling in specific countries such as China [28] and regions such as Asia, Europe and North America [29]. These studies are often waste-specific, focusing on a single stream of e-waste, such as mobile phones [30] or PCBs [31].…”

Section: Figure 3 (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

E-Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery: A Review on Technologies, Barriers and Enablers with a Focus on Oceania

Yken

Boxall

Cheng

et al. 2021

Metals

107

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Electronic e-waste (e-waste) is a growing problem worldwide. In 2019, total global production reached 53.6 million tons, and is estimated to increase to 74.7 million tons by 2030. This rapid increase is largely fuelled by higher consumption rates of electrical and electronic goods, shorter life cycles and fewer repair options. E-waste is classed as a hazardous substance, and if not collected and recycled properly, can have adverse environmental impacts. The recoverable material in e-waste represents significant economic value, with the total value of e-waste generated in 2019 estimated to be US $57 billion. Despite the inherent value of this waste, only 17.4% of e-waste was recycled globally in 2019, which highlights the need to establish proper recycling processes at a regional level. This review provides an overview of global e-waste production and current technologies for recycling e-waste and recovery of valuable material such as glass, plastic and metals. The paper also discusses the barriers and enablers influencing e-waste recycling with a specific focus on Oceania.

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Section: Figure 3 (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

E-Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery: A Review on Technologies, Barriers and Enablers with a Focus on Oceania

Yken

Boxall

Cheng

et al. 2021

Metals

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In contrast, within NEW-MINE, for the ecological assessment life cycle assessment (LCA) was used, although it was not applied to landfill mining, but to the impact of sanitary landfills themselves [152]: this approach yields important information regarding the alternative to ELFM, i.e., state-of-the-art landfill aftercare. This LCA publication was cited with respect to the site selection for landfills [153,154] and in a study which yielded the controversial statement that "recycling metals except gold had more negative environmental impacts than mining" [155]. Further citing studies deal with environmental impacts of combustion-based energy production [156], composting on closed landfill sites [157], bioreactor landfills [158], suppression of methane generation [159], modelling of landfill gas production [160], organic waste enrichment [161].…”

Section: Life Cycle Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The EU Training Network for Resource Recovery through Enhanced Landfill Mining—A Review

2021

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The “European Union Training Network for Resource Recovery Through Enhanced Landfill Mining (NEW-MINE)” was a European research project conducted between 2016 and 2020 to investigate the exploration of and resource recovery from landfills as well as the processing of the excavated waste and the valorization of the obtained waste fractions using thermochemical processes. This project yielded more than 40 publications ranging from geophysics via mechanical process engineering to ceramics, which have not yet been discussed coherently in a review publication. This article summarizes and links the NEW-MINE publications and discusses their practical applicability in waste management systems. Within the NEW-MINE project in a first step concentrates of specific materials (e.g., metals, combustibles, inert materials) were produced which might be used as secondary raw materials. In a second step, recycled products (e.g., inorganic polymers, functional glass-ceramics) were produced from these concentrates at the lab scale. However, even if secondary raw materials or recycled products could be produced at a large scale, it remains unclear if they can compete with primary raw materials or products from primary raw materials. Given the ambitions of transition towards a more circular economy, economic incentives are required to make secondary raw materials or recycled products from enhanced landfill mining (ELFM) competitive in the market.

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“…Single stage permeation experiments were carried out in a two compartment cell which consisted of a feed solution half-cell (200 cm 3 ) separated from the receiving solution half-cell (200 cm 3 ) by the solid support having an effective membrane area of 11.3 cm 2 . The feed and the receiving solutions were mechanically stirred, at 20º C, to avoid concentration polarization conditions at the support interfaces and in the bulk of both solutions.…”

Section: Slm Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the metals encountered in such e-wastes is gold [2][3][4], in fact, this precious metal is found in dentistry, jewellery, unused equipments, industrial fittings and the mentioned e-scraps mentioned above, being, with a high probability, the recovery of this metal from these wastes more profitable than the recovery of gold from raw materials, i.e. about 200 g/gold can be recovered from 1 ton/circuit boards against 1 g/gold from 1 ton/ore.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport of Au(III) from HCl medium across a liquid membrane using R3NH+Cl-/toluene immobilized on a microporous hydrophobic support: optimization and modelling

Alcaraz

Largo

López

2020

Preprint

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By the use of the tertiary amine A327 and 1 M HCl solution as precursors, the ionic liquid A327H+Cl- was generated and used to investigate its performance in the transport of Au(III) form hydrochloric acid medium. The influence of the stirring speed (600-1800 min-1), ionic liquid concentration (1.25-50% v/v) in the membrane phase and gold concentration (0.01-0.15 g/L) in the feed phase on metal transport have been investigated. An equation which included both equilibrium and kinetics parameters was derived, and the membrane diffusional resistance (Δm) and feed phase diffusional resistance (Δf) was estimated as 9.5x106 s/cm and 307 s/cm, respectively. At carrier concentrations in the 5-50% v/v range and gold concentrations in the 0.01-0.15 g/L range, metal transport is controlled by diffusion of metal species through the feed boundary layer, whereas at the lowest carrier concentrations, membrane diffusion is predominant. From the receiving solutions, gold can be recovered as gold nanoparticles.

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Environmental and economic performance analysis of recycling waste printed circuit boards using life cycle assessment

Cited by 58 publications

References 38 publications

E-Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery: A Review on Technologies, Barriers and Enablers with a Focus on Oceania

E-Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery: A Review on Technologies, Barriers and Enablers with a Focus on Oceania

The EU Training Network for Resource Recovery through Enhanced Landfill Mining—A Review

Transport of Au(III) from HCl medium across a liquid membrane using R<sub>3</sub>NH<sup>+</sup>Cl<sup>-</sup>/toluene immobilized on a microporous hydrophobic support: optimization and modelling

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