Environmental aspects of low Btu gas combustion

Heap, M.P.; Tyson, T.J.; Cichanowicz, J. E.; Gershman, R.; Kau, C.J.; Martin, Gérard B.; Lanier, W.S.

doi:10.1016/s0082-0784(77)80350-0

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…If fuel contains CH 4 , HCN is produced by reactions 5 and 6 in the fuel-rich region and the HCN is oxidized to NO in the fuel-lean zone (Heap et al, 1976) and (Takagi et al, 1979).…”

Section: Fuel-nox/thermal-nox Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments of Gas Turbine Combustors for Air-Blown and Oxygen-Blown IGCC

Hasegawa¹

2011

Advances in Gas Turbine Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…If fuel contains CH 4 , HCN is produced by reactions 5 and 6 in the fuel-rich region and the HCN is oxidized to NO in the fuel-lean zone (Heap et al, 1976) and (Takagi et al, 1979).…”

Section: Fuel-nox/thermal-nox Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments of Gas Turbine Combustors for Air-Blown and Oxygen-Blown IGCC

Hasegawa¹

2011

Advances in Gas Turbine Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…When hydrocarbon is not contained in the fuel, NHi is converted into N 2 by reacting with NO in the fuel-rich region. If fuel contains CH 4 , HCN is produced by reactions 5 and 6 in the fuel-rich region and the HCN is oxidized to NO in the fuel-lean zone (Heap et al, 1976) and (Takagi et al, 1979 That is, it is surmised that each of increase in thermal-NOx concentration and fuel-NOx affected the alternative decomposition reaction of intermediate NH radical with NO, so the each of NOx emissions originated from the nitrogen in the air or fuel-N decreased. These new techniques those adopted the nitrogen direct injection and the two-stage combustion, caused a decrease in flame temperature in the primary combustion zone and the thermal-NOx production near the burner was expected to be controlled.…”

Section: Fuel-nox/thermal-nox Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Gas Turbine Technology

Kyprianidis¹

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As for readers, this license allows users to download, copy and build upon published chapters even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. NoticeStatements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book.

show abstract

“…Two-stage combustion with reducing flame (which has a primary combustion stage under fuel-rich conditions and a secondary stage in which remaining unburned fuel combusts completely), is widely accepted as a combustion technology for suppressing fuel-NOx production in conventional fuels [62,63,87]. It is also known that the fuel-NOx production mechanisms of conventional hydrocarbon fuels, such as CH 4 , are different from those of non-hydrocarbon fuels, such as CO and H 2 [88][89][90][91]. So gasified fuels consisted of CO and H 2 as the main combustible components contain thousands of ppm and a small percentage of CH 4 , and indicate a complex fuel-NOx production mechanism, while non-hydrocarbon fuels produce very few species of HCN.…”

Section: Supplied Fuels and Test Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If fuel contains CH 4 , HCN is produced by Reactions (5) and (6) in the fuel-rich region, and the HCN is oxidized to NO in the fuel-lean zone [89][90][91]117]. (27) With the rise in CH 4 constituent in the fuel, the HCN produced in the fuel-rich primary-combustion zone increases, and the NOx emissions originating from HCN in the fuel-lean secondary-combustion zone increase.…”

Section: Axial Distance MM Equivalence Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Turbine Combustion and Ammonia Removal Technology of Gasified Fuels

Hasegawa

2010

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

From the viewpoints of securing a stable supply of energy and protecting our global environment in the future, the integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power generation of various gasifying methods has been introduced in the world. Gasified fuels are chiefly characterized by the gasifying agents and the synthetic gas cleanup methods and can be divided into four types. The calorific value of the gasified fuel varies according to the gasifying agents and feedstocks of various resources, and ammonia originating from nitrogenous compounds in the feedstocks depends on the synthetic gas clean-up methods. In particular, air-blown gasified fuels provide low calorific fuel of 4 MJ/m 3 and it is necessary to stabilize combustion. In contrast, the flame temperature of oxygen-blown gasified fuel of medium calorie between approximately 9-13 MJ/m 3 is much higher, so control of thermal-NOx emissions is necessary. Moreover, to improve the thermal efficiency of IGCC, hot/dry type synthetic gas clean-up is needed. However, ammonia in the fuel is not removed and is supplied into the gas turbine where fuel-NOx is formed in the combustor. For these reasons, suitable combustion technology for each gasified fuel is important. This paper outlines combustion technologies and combustor designs of the high temperature gas turbine for various IGCCs. Additionally, this paper confirms that further decreases in fuel-NOx emissions can be achieved by removing ammonia from gasified fuels through the application of selective, non-catalytic denitration. From these basic considerations, the performance of specifically designed combustors for each IGCC proved the proposed methods to be sufficiently effective. The combustors were able to achieve strong results, decreasing thermal-NOx emissions to 10 ppm (corrected at 16% oxygen) or less, and fuel-NOx emissions by 60% or more, under conditions where ammonia concentration per fuel heating value in unit volume was 2.4 × 10 2 ppm/(MJ/m 3 ) or higher. Average equivalence ratio at combustor exhaust φ p Average equivalence ratio in primary combustion zone ΔP/q Total pressure loss coefficient (characteristic section is combustor-exit) OPEN ACCESS

show abstract

Environmental aspects of low Btu gas combustion

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Developments of Gas Turbine Combustors for Air-Blown and Oxygen-Blown IGCC

Developments of Gas Turbine Combustors for Air-Blown and Oxygen-Blown IGCC

Advances in Gas Turbine Technology

Gas Turbine Combustion and Ammonia Removal Technology of Gasified Fuels

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About