Environmental colour impact on the life of lower aquatic vertebrates: development, growth, physiological and biochemical processes

Abstract

This review discusses environmental colour impact on such vital processes of lower aquatic vertebrates (amphibian and fish), as development, growth, consumption of food and its conversion ratio, secretion of hormones etc. For some species, different zones of the spectrum can act as a stimulator of growth and development processes, while other zones of the spectrum can, on the contrary, inhibit development and growth. This influence occurs at the physiological and biochemical levels. Physiologically, environmental colour can both activate and suppress fish nutrition. Changes in daily ration can change the food conversion ratio. In turn, the contrast of the feed against a particular environmental colour can also affect the amount of food consumed and the somatic growth respectively. Certain zones of the spectrum stress fish, which is confirmed by the increase in cortisol level. Illumination of certain colour can accelerate fish growth; in such cases, a decrease in cortisol is observed. Environmental colour also affects the secretion of other hormones (somatotropin, thyroxine) and, as a consequence, the biochemical and physiological status of organisms. There is certain amount of evidence that environmental colour can impact gene expression and thereby regulate the somatic growth and development of fish and amphibians. However, there is not yet enough evidence and only preliminary conclusions can be drawn, which must be taken into account in fish breeding practice. A brief description of the organs of vision of lower vertebrates is given. The problems of the influence of light on a number of biochemical parameters are discussed.

Quillaja saponaria and/or Yucca schidigera ameliorate water quality, growth performance, blood health, intestine and gills histomorphology of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

“…Interestingly, these results coincide with our findings of antioxidant activity of the mixture of QS/ YS and, hence, this protects gills' tissues from the inflammatory and degenerative influences of free radicals (Dawood et al, 2021;Elbialy et al, 2020;Elkaradawy et al, 2021). lymphocytes production improved the lysozyme activity, which modulated fish's immune status (Choi et al, 2013;Ruchin, 2020).…”

“…Likewise, Njagi et al (2017) stated that Nile tilapia fed a diet containing 100 mg/ kg YS had the highest lysozyme activity, which was significantly higher than that of the control. The increased lysozyme activity may be attributed to the higher lymphocytes production which modulated fish's immune status (Choi et al, 2013;Ruchin, 2020).…”

Effects of Colored Light on Growth and Nutritional Composition of Tilapia, and Biofloc as a Food Source

“…Therefore, each treatment was only influenced by a certain color or wavelength of the light. There are not many studies reported of the influence of colored light on the growth of Nile tilapia and fish of different species in general [18], and as far as we know, this is the first study on the fingerling stage of development of tilapia. Even more, all previous studies on light effect use other experimental conditions, which include significant differences in: The lack of biofloc, the type or duration of photoperiod, the temperature, the light intensity, peak wavelengths, light spectrum shapes, etc.…”

Effect of illumination on fish and amphibian: development, growth, physiological and biochemical processes

“…Since its origin, life has adapted over several billion years to the daily and annual fluctuations of factors in the abiotic environment, where the light factor stands out for its versatility (Boeuf & Le Bail 1999;Ruchin, 2020b). It serves not only as a source of energy, but also as a source of information for organisms which stimulates daily and seasonal cycles of behaviour, phenology and physiological changes (Ruchin, 2007a(Ruchin, , 2007bNiven & Laughlin 2008;Villamizar et al, 2011).…”