Environmental Degradation of Engineered Barrier Materials in Nuclear Waste Repositories

Rebak, Raúl B.

doi:10.1002/9780470872864.ch36

Cited by 14 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Pitting corrosion and crevice corrosion are essentially the same phenomena from an electrochemical point of view, although there are geometrical differences between them (Galvele, 1976). Crevice corrosion is of particular concern for stainless steels and nickel alloys as it is possible in milder environmental conditions than those required for pitting corrosion (Agarwal, 2003;Rebak, 2000).…”

Section: Stainless Alloysmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Stainless steels and chromium containing nickel-based alloys are corrosion resistant materials that rely on the protection brought about by a passive overlayer (Agarwal, 2003;Rebak, 2000;Sedriks, 1996). This passive fi lm is chromiumrich and it is spontaneously developed when the material is in contact with air or in the service environment (Marcus & Maurice, 2000).…”

Section: Stainless Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inhibition of localized corrosion in chromium containing stainless alloys

Rodríguez

2012

Corrosion Reviews

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The application of stainless steels and chromium containing nickel-based alloys is limited by their susceptibility to localized corrosion in the forms of pitting and crevice corrosion or environmentally assisted cracking. Inhibitors may be normally found in service environments or added on purpose to mitigate or avoid the effects of aggressive agents such as chloride ions. The present study critically reviews the present knowledge on inhibition of chloride-induced pitting and crevice corrosion. Pioneering studies and recent fi ndings are analyzed in light of the present theories for describing the localized corrosion processes. This review particularly focuses on the inhibition of crevice corrosion of alloy 22, which has been thoroughly studied in the past decade.

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Section: Stainless Alloysmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Stainless Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of localized corrosion in chromium containing stainless alloys

Rodríguez

2012

Corrosion Reviews

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“…The hypothesis is that by the very nature of these geological sites, they will contain the waste for long times, limiting their spread, for example, through water flow. Commercial nuclear power has been around for 50 years; however no country is currently operating a nuclear waste repository [3]. The countries that have the most advanced concept for nuclear waste repositories include Finland and Sweden.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nuclear power produces the lowest amount of greenhouse gases of any type of energy [2]. However, nuclear power produces nuclear waste, which needs to be isolated from the environment for thousands of years [3]. All the countries currently operating nuclear power reactors agree that the best alternative to deal with nuclear waste is to bury it in a geologically stable repository.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmentally Assisted Cracking Research of Engineering Alloys for Nuclear Waste Repository Containers

Rebak

2012

MRS Proc.

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All the countries that operate commercial nuclear power plants are planning to dispose of the waste in underground geologically stable repositories. The materials being studied for the fabrication of the containers include carbon steel, stainless steel, copper, titanium and nickel alloys. The aim of this work is to review results from research performed using the alloys of interest regarding their resistance to environmentally assisted cracking (EAC) under simulated repository conditions. In general, it is concluded that the environments are mild and that the studied metals may not be susceptible to cracking under the planned emplacement conditions.

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“…Titanium alloys were selected as potential alternatives because of their excellent performance in more aggressive brine solutions compared, for example, to stainless steels (Kursten et al 2004;Rebak 2007).…”

Section: Waste Package Materials Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generic repository design concepts and thermal analysis (FY11).

Howard

Dupont

Blink

et al. 2011

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(U)Reference concepts for geologic disposal of used nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste in the U.S. are developed, including geologic settings and engineered barriers. Repository thermal analysis is demonstrated for a range of waste types from projected future, advanced nuclear fuel cycles. The results show significant differences among geologic media considered (clay/shale, crystalline rock, salt), and also that waste package size and waste loading must be limited to meet targeted maximum temperature values. TABLES Executive SummaryIn this study, the UFD R&D Campaign has developed a set of reference geologic disposal concepts for a range of waste types that could potentially be generated in advanced nuclear FCs. A disposal concept consists of three components: waste inventory, geologic setting, and concept of operations. Mature repository concepts have been developed in other countries for disposal of spent LWR fuel and HLW from reprocessing UNF, and these serve as starting points for developing this set. Additional design details and EBS concepts will be considered as the reference disposal concepts evolve.The waste inventory considered in this study includes: 1) direct disposal of SNF from the LWR fleet, including Gen III+ advanced LWRs being developed through the Nuclear Power 2010 Program, operating in a once-through cycle; 2) waste generated from reprocessing of LWR UOX UNF to recover U and Pu, and subsequent direct disposal of used Pu-MOX fuel (also used in LWRs) in a modified-open cycle; and 3) waste generated by continuous recycling of metal fuel from fast reactors operating in a TRU burner configuration, with additional TRU material input supplied from reprocessing of LWR UOX fuel.The geologic setting provides the natural barriers, and establishes the boundary conditions for performance of engineered barriers. The composition and physical properties of the host medium dictate design and construction approaches, and determine hydrologic and thermal responses of the disposal system. Clay/shale, salt, and crystalline rock media are selected as the basis for reference mined geologic disposal concepts in this study, consistent with advanced international repository programs, and previous investigations in the U.S. The U.S. pursued deep geologic disposal programs in crystalline rock, shale, salt, and volcanic rock in the years leading up to the Nuclear Waste Policy Act, or NWPA (Rechard et al. 2011). The 1987 NWPA amendment act focused the U.S. program on unsaturated, volcanic rock at the Yucca Mountain site, culminating in the 2008 license application. Additional work on unsaturated, crystalline rock settings (e.g., volcanic tuff) is not required to support this generic study. Reference disposal concepts are selected for the media listed above and for deep borehole disposal, drawing from recent work in the U.S. and internationally. The main features of the repository concepts are discussed in Section 4.5 and summarized in Table ES-1. Temperature histories at the waste packag...

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Environmental Degradation of Engineered Barrier Materials in Nuclear Waste Repositories

Cited by 14 publications

References 53 publications

Inhibition of localized corrosion in chromium containing stainless alloys

Inhibition of localized corrosion in chromium containing stainless alloys

Environmentally Assisted Cracking Research of Engineering Alloys for Nuclear Waste Repository Containers

Generic repository design concepts and thermal analysis (FY11).

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