Environmental enrichment: dissociated effects between physical activity and changing environmental complexity on anxiety and neurogenesis in adult male Balb/C mice.

Ramírez-Rodríguez, Gerardo; Gutiérrez-Vera, Beatriz; Ortíz-López, Leonardo; Vega‐Rivera, Nelly Maritza; Juan, David Meneses-San; Granados-Juárez, Andrea; Aquino, Dana Vianey Castro-de; Castro-García, Mario; Ramos, Mónica Flores

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113878

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Remarkably, this phenotype was entirely reversed by an 8-week MS protocol when it was initiated in very young mice. We know that MS increases hippocampal neuroplasticity [34,35] and neurogenesis [36,37], but we did not address this process in the present study. It is also known that MS decreases neuroinflammation [38,39], and our data gives support to this important role of MS. We showed that there is a decrease in the expression of GFAP, a marker for astrocyte activation, in the HC of Adrβ3KO and WT mice after the 8-week MS protocol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Multisensory Stimulation Reverses Memory Impairment in Adrβ3KO Mice

Ravache¹,

Batistuzzo²,

Nunes³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Norepinephrine plays an important role in modulating memory consolidation and evocation through its beta-adrenergic receptors (Adrβ: β1, β2 and β3), which are expressed in the hippocampus (HC) and amygdala (AMY). Here we hypothesized that multisensory stimulation would reverse the memory impairment caused by the inactivation of the Adrβ3 with consequent inhibition of sustained glial-mediated inflammation and glutamatergic depuration. To test this, 21- and 86-day-old Adrβ3KO mice and respective controls underwent to (i) gustative and olfactive stimuli of positive and negative valence associated with (ii) intellectual challenges to reach the food in addition to (iii) objects in hidden places (iv) foraging for 8 weeks followed by (v) analysis of GFAP, Iba-1 and EAAT2 protein expression in the HC and AMY. While this protocol restored the memory impairment when applied to Adrβ3KO animals immediately after weaning, it had no effect when applied to adult animals. In fact, we observed that aging worsens the memory of Adrβ3KO mice. Although no significant expression of GFAP and Iba1 were observed in HC of young and old mice, Adrβ3KO increased EAAT2 expression HC of old mice, while MS didn’t change EAAT2 in young mice but enhanced it expression in older. Relative to AMY of old mice Adrβ3KO increased GFAP expression compared whit WT mice and MS sustained the GFAP expression and increased the EAAT2 expression compared with WT group. These results suggest that a richer and more diverse environment helps to correct memory impairment when applied right after weaning Adrβ3KO animals, also show that the changes in GFAP, Iba1 and EAAT2 expression levels in young and old mice indicate a functional significance in the process of learning and memory and that the control of neuroinflammation in limbic areas mediates this response. They also reinforce the idea that disruption of noradrenergic signaling could be involved in the cognitive impairment observed later in life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Multisensory Stimulation Reverses Memory Impairment in Adrβ3KO Mice

Ravache¹,

Batistuzzo²,

Nunes³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Secondly, Ramírez-Rodríguez et al (2022) explored the effects of different EE protocols on doublecortin cell maturation in the granular cell layer of the hippocampus and anxiety levels in mice. The mice were divided into five groups, each experiencing a unique housing condition: (1) standard conditions without EE, (2) constant EE complexity, (3) gradual increase of EE complexity followed by a gradual decrease, (4) gradual increase of EE complexity followed by constant EE, and (5) constant EE followed by a gradual decrease.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental enrichment: a systematic review on the effect of a changing spatial complexity on hippocampal neurogenesis and plasticity in rodents, with considerations for translation to urban and built environments for humans

Khalil

2024

Front. Neurosci.

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IntroductionHippocampal neurogenesis is critical for improving learning, memory, and spatial navigation. Inhabiting and navigating spatial complexity is key to stimulating adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) in rodents because they share similar hippocampal neuroplasticity characteristics with humans. AHN in humans has recently been found to persist until the tenth decade of life, but it declines with aging and is influenced by environmental enrichment. This systematic review investigated the impact of spatial complexity on neurogenesis and hippocampal plasticity in rodents, and discussed the translatability of these findings to human interventions.MethodsComprehensive searches were conducted on three databases in English: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. All literature published until December 2023 was screened and assessed for eligibility. A total of 32 studies with original data were included, and the process is reported in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement and checklist.ResultsThe studies evaluated various models of spatial complexity in rodents, including environmental enrichment, changes to in-cage elements, complex layouts, and navigational mazes featuring novelty and intermittent complexity. A regression equation was formulated to synthesize key factors influencing neurogenesis, such as duration, physical activity, frequency of changes, diversity of complexity, age, living space size, and temperature.ConclusionFindings underscore the cognitive benefits of spatial complexity interventions and inform future translational research from rodents to humans. Home-cage enrichment and models like the Hamlet complex maze and the Marlau cage offer insight into how architectural design and urban navigational complexity can impact neurogenesis in humans. In-space changing complexity, with and without physical activity, is effective for stimulating neurogenesis. While evidence on intermittent spatial complexity in humans is limited, data from the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns provide preliminary evidence. Existing equations relating rodent and human ages may allow for the translation of enrichment protocol durations from rodents to humans.

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“…Remarkably, this phenotype was entirely reversed by an 8-week MS protocol when it was initiated in very young mice. We know that MS increases hippocampal neuroplasticity [ 26 , 27 ] and neurogenesis [ 28 , 29 ], but we did not address this process in the present study. It is also known that MS decreases neuroinflammation [ 30 , 31 ], and our data support this important role of MS. We showed that there was a decrease in the expression of GFAP, a marker for astrocyte activation, in the HC of Adrβ 3 KO and WT mice after the 8-week MS protocol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Multisensory Stimulation Reverses Memory Impairment in Adrβ3KO Male Mice

Ravache

Batistuzzo

Nunes

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Norepinephrine plays an important role in modulating memory through its beta-adrenergic receptors (Adrβ: β1, β2 and β3). Here, we hypothesized that multisensory stimulation would reverse memory impairment caused by the inactivation of Adrβ3 (Adrβ3KO) with consequent inhibition of sustained glial-mediated inflammation. To test this, 21- and 86-day-old Adrβ3KO mice were exposed to an 8-week multisensory stimulation (MS) protocol that comprised gustatory and olfactory stimuli of positive and negative valence; intellectual challenges to reach food; the use of hidden objects; and the presentation of food in ways that prompted foraging, which was followed by analysis of GFAP, Iba-1 and EAAT2 protein expression in the hippocampus (HC) and amygdala (AMY). The MS protocol reduced GFAP and Iba-1 expression in the HC of young mice but not in older mice. While this protocol restored memory impairment when applied to Adrβ3KO animals immediately after weaning, it had no effect when applied to adult animals. In fact, we observed that aging worsened the memory of Adrβ3KO mice. In the AMY of Adrβ3KO older mice, we observed an increase in GFAP and EAAT2 expression when compared to wild-type (WT) mice that MS was unable to reduce. These results suggest that a richer and more diverse environment helps to correct memory impairment when applied immediately after weaning in Adrβ3KO animals and indicates that the control of neuroinflammation mediates this response.

show abstract

Environmental enrichment: dissociated effects between physical activity and changing environmental complexity on anxiety and neurogenesis in adult male Balb/C mice.

Cited by 12 publications

References 52 publications

Multisensory Stimulation Reverses Memory Impairment in Adrβ3KO Mice

Multisensory Stimulation Reverses Memory Impairment in Adrβ3KO Mice

Environmental enrichment: a systematic review on the effect of a changing spatial complexity on hippocampal neurogenesis and plasticity in rodents, with considerations for translation to urban and built environments for humans

Multisensory Stimulation Reverses Memory Impairment in Adrβ3KO Male Mice

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