Environmental Factors Affecting Germination and Seedling Survival of Carolina Willow (Salix Caroliniana)

Castro-Morales, Luz M.; Quintana‐Ascencio, Pedro F.; Fauth, John E.; Ponzio, Kimberli J.; Hall, Dianne L.

doi:10.1007/s13157-014-0513-6

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Overall, the pH value does not seem to be crucial for the germination success of willow seeds and for early seedling development. These results are in accordance with other studies on willow seed germination that found that the most important factors for seed germination were constantly moist soil conditions (Castro‐Morales, Quintana‐Ascencio, Fauth, Ponzio, & Hall, ; McLeod & McPherson, ; van Splunder et al., ). For willow seedlings, light availability is essential, as seeds have no endosperm and seedling development depends completely on successful photosynthesis of the early leaves (Neumann, ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Fitness of natural willow hybrids in a pioneer mosaic hybrid zone

Gramlich

Hörandl

2016

Ecology and Evolution

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Hybrid fitness is an important parameter to predict the evolutionary consequences of a hybridization event and to characterize hybrid zones. We studied fitness parameters of F1 and later‐generation hybrids between the lowland species Salix purpurea and the alpine S. helvetica that have recently emerged during colonization of an alpine glacier forefield. Fruit production (number of capsules per catkin and fruit set) did not differ between hybrids and parents, but the number of seeds per capsule of F1 hybrids was slightly lower than that of later‐generation hybrids and of the parents. Germination rates and seedling growth were tested on three substrates (pH 4.5, 7.0, and 8.0). Germination rates of seeds collected from F1 hybrids were lower on acid and neutral substrates, but equal at pH 8.0 compared to all other groups, while the seeds from later‐generation hybrids performed as well as the parents on all three substrates. In seedling growth, the colonizer S. purpurea performed better than all other taxa on all three substrates, while hybrids resembled the subalpine species S. helvetica. Results suggest that endogenous selection acts against F1 hybrids, but favors fitter genotypes in later‐generation hybrids. Exogenous selection via soil pH appears to be weak during seedling establishment. The pioneer vegetation on the glacier forefield may offer sufficient niche space for hybrid seedlings. Owing to the relatively high fitness of the hybrids and the scattered distribution of hybrids and parental individuals on the glacier forefield, this hybrid zone can be assigned to a mosaic model, probably facilitating gene flow and introgression between the parental species. As establishment of the hybrid zone appears to be linked to a colonization process, we propose to call it a pioneer mosaic hybrid zone.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Fitness of natural willow hybrids in a pioneer mosaic hybrid zone

Gramlich

Hörandl

2016

Ecology and Evolution

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“…The Swedish researchers found that water is critical for the excellent profitability of willow short-rotation forestry [56]. In addition, studies have shown that the Carolina Willow (Salix caroliniana) seeds in saturated soils kept moist by capillarity had the highest germination capacity [57]. The research also included estimating factors affecting aboveground biomass allocation and water storage ratio in alpine willow shrubs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Needs of Willow (Salix L.) in Western Poland

et al. 2022

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Willows are one of the plants which can be used to produce biomass for energy purposes. Biomass production is classified as a renewable energy source. Increasing the share of renewable sources is one of the priority actions for European Union countries due to the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. To achieve the best possible growth of the willow and increase its biomass for fuel, it is crucial to provide optimal water conditions for its growth. The aim of the study was to determine the water requirements of willows under the conditions of the western Polish climate and to verify whether this area is potentially favourable for willow cultivation. The novelty of this paper lies in its multi-year climatic analysis in the context of willow water needs for the area of three voivodships: Lubusz, Lower Silesian, and West Pomeranian. This is one of the few willow water-needs analyses for this region which considers the potential for widespread willow cultivation and biomass production in western Poland. Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was determined by the Blaney-Criddle equation and then, using plant coefficients, water needs for willow were determined. Calculations were carried out for the growing season lasting from 21 May to 31 October. The estimated water needs during the vegetation season amounted on average to 408 mm for the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, 405 mm for the Lubusz Voivodeship, and 402 mm for the Lower Silesian Voivodeship. The conducted analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that these needs do not differ significantly between the voivodeships. Therefore, it can be concluded that the water requirements of willows in western Poland do not differ significantly, and the whole region shows similar water conditions for willow cultivation. Furthermore, it was found that water needs are increasing from decade to decade, making rational water management necessary. This is particularly important in countries with limited water resources, such as Poland. Correctly determining the water requirements of willow and applying them to the cultivation of this plant should increase the biomass obtained. With appropriate management, willow cultivation in Poland can provide an alternative energy source to coal.

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“…The seeds of S. atrocinerea showed a high control germination in a very short time (85% in 7 days), a characteristic shared with other Salix species such as Salix caroliniana Michx. [95], and a large reduction in their percentage and germination speed with virtually all fire factors. Only the smoke for 5 and 10 min did not change its control percentages.…”

Section: Fire Factors Effectsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Fire Severity Drives the Natural Regeneration of Cytisus scoparius L. (Link) and Salix atrocinerea Brot. Communities and the Germinative Behaviour of These Species

Cruz

García-Duro

Riveiro

et al. 2020

Forests

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Research Highlights: Data indicated that fire severity modulates natural regeneration of Cytisus scoparius and Salix atrocinerea communities and drives much stronger effects on the germination of the dominant species. Background and Objectives: Previous studies demonstrated that fire severity induces different behaviours in plant species. Mother plant age is an important feature that must also be considered in plans of forest restoration. The objectives were to determine, in field studies, the effect of fire severity on the natural regeneration of C. scoparius and S. atrocinerea communities, to know the role of mother plant age on the germination of seeds of C. scoparius and S. atrocinerea, and to quantify their germination response at different levels of fire severity, in laboratory settings. Material and Methods: We have analysed the role of fire severity on the natural regeneration of C. scoparius and S. atrocinerea communities considering cover and height. Forty 30 × 30 m plots were randomly located in C. scoparius and S. atrocinerea communities. Fire severity on the germination of dominant species was tested through different levels of smoke, charcoal, ash, and heat. Results: High severity reduced the vertical cover and growth in height of the two communities and favoured the increase of cover of woody species in the C. scoparius community and herbaceous species in the S. atrocinerea community. Mother plant age determined germination percentages of C. scoparius seeds. Germination of C. scoparius was increased by moderate heat, and heat and smoke; and fire severity greatly reduced germination of S. atrocinerea. Conclusions: The regeneration responses after fire were largely controlled by interactions between the fire severity and the individual species regeneration strategies. For restoration purposes, C. scoparius seeds should be treated with 80 °C and smoke for 10 min, in order to increase germination; however, Salix seeds should be used without treatment and immediately after dispersion.

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Environmental Factors Affecting Germination and Seedling Survival of Carolina Willow (Salix Caroliniana)

Cited by 15 publications

References 32 publications

Fitness of natural willow hybrids in a pioneer mosaic hybrid zone

Fitness of natural willow hybrids in a pioneer mosaic hybrid zone

Water Needs of Willow (Salix L.) in Western Poland

Fire Severity Drives the Natural Regeneration of Cytisus scoparius L. (Link) and Salix atrocinerea Brot. Communities and the Germinative Behaviour of These Species

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