Environmental factors affecting the expression of apple (<i>Malus</i>×<i>domestica</i>L. Borkh) allergen-encoding genes

Botton, Alessandro; Lezzer, P.; Dorigoni, A.; Ruperti, Benedetto; Ramina, Angelo

doi:10.1080/14620316.2009.11512618

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Thus, it is critical to determine whether breeding for low allergenicity would have consequences in terms of plant susceptibility against pathogens or abiotic stresses and whether high resistance to stresses would have consequences in terms of allergenicity. In addition, other stresses associated with growth and storage conditions affect the Mal d 1 content in apples [2,3,42]. Therefore, exploiting our set of primers to study the variation of gene expression at different pre-/post-harvest conditions or after exposure to biotic/abiotic stresses might contribute to defining a “hypoallergenic protocol” for apple production to favour the reduction of symptoms in patients with apple allergies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A qRT-PCR assay for the expression of all Mal d 1 isoallergen genes

Pagliarani

Paris

Arens³

et al. 2013

BMC Plant Biol

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BackgroundA considerable number of individuals suffer from oral allergy syndrome (OAS) to apple, resulting in the avoidance of apple consumption. Apple cultivars differ greatly in their allergenic properties, but knowledge of the causes for such differences is incomplete. Mal d 1 is considered the major apple allergen. For Mal d 1, a wide range of isoallergens and variants exist, and they are encoded by a large gene family. To identify the specific proteins/genes that are potentially involved in the allergy, we developed a PCR assay to monitor the expression of each individual Mal d 1 gene. Gene-specific primer pairs were designed for the exploitation of sequence differences among Mal d 1 genes. The specificity of these primers was validated using both in silico and in vitro techniques. Subsequently, this assay was applied to the peel and flesh of fruits from the two cultivars ‘Florina’ and ‘Gala’.ResultsWe successfully developed gene-specific primer pairs for each of the 31 Mal d 1 genes and incorporated them into a qRT-PCR assay. The results from the application of the assay showed that 11 genes were not expressed in fruit. In addition, differential expression was observed among the Mal d 1 genes that were expressed in the fruit. Moreover, the expression levels were tissue and cultivar dependent.ConclusionThe assay developed in this study facilitated the first characterisation of the expression levels of all known Mal d 1 genes in a gene-specific manner. Using this assay on different fruit tissues and cultivars, we obtained knowledge concerning gene relevance in allergenicity. This study provides new perspectives for research on both plant breeding and immunotherapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A qRT-PCR assay for the expression of all Mal d 1 isoallergen genes

Pagliarani

Paris

Arens³

et al. 2013

BMC Plant Biol

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“…When considering the interactions ‘cultivar × harvest year’, it is noticeable how some cultivars (GR, PG, BF, GD) were greatly affected by the harvest year, since their Mal d 3 band intensity was more than doubled in 2016 compared with the previous years; BB and PI were, instead, more stable. These results can be mainly ascribed to the ‘genotype × environment’ interactions as reported by Botton et al 51 . studying the effects of environmental factors on the levels of expression of known apple allergen‐encoding genes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Evaluation of the phenolic profile and immunoreactivity of Mal d 3 allergen in ancient apple cultivars from Italy

et al. 2020

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BACKGROUND Since the second half of the 20th century, the cultivation of ancient and local apple cultivars has almost disappeared from orchards in Italy. Some of these ancient apple cultivars often possess high nutraceutical values and display lower allergenicity than the modern ones, supporting the so‐called ‘green revolution’ theory. RESULTS In this study, the phenolic composition and the antioxidant activity of five ancient apple cultivars (‘Belfiore’, ‘Pomella Genovese’, ‘Gravenstein’, ‘Bella del Bosco’, and ‘Piatlin’) were compared with a ‘Golden Delicious’ commercial cultivar. Additionally, apples were tested for their potential allergenicity by detecting the presence of Mal d 3, a non‐specific lipid transfer protein that represents the main apples' allergen. All apples came from northern Italy (Trentino Region) and were organically produced. Results showed that, for all cultivars, the skins contained more polyphenols than the pulps. ‘Bella del Bosco’ had the highest amount of polyphenols and antioxidant activity, whereas ‘Piatlin’ had the lowest phenolic content. All ancient cultivars presented a higher amount of pulp phenolic compounds than ‘Golden Delicious’. Immunoblotting techniques showed that ‘Bella del Bosco’ and ‘Piatlin’ had very low quantities of Mal d 3 allergen; hence, they can be considered hypoallergenic cultivars. CONCLUSIONS The preservation of ancient apple cultivars would be of great importance, not only to maintain the biodiversity but also for their nutritional properties. The hypoallergenic activity of some of these cultivars could be of interest also for the preparation of different apple‐based products. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…The extraction buffer volume was set at 10 mL for the cortex and 1 mL for the seed, and the starting amount of tissue was 0.60 and 0.02 g, respectively. In order to achieve the final quality of the extract, 30 mL (cortex) and 3 mL (seed) of a calcium hydroxide suspension at 60 g L 21 were added just before the first centrifugation step (Dal Cin et al, 2005b;Botton et al, 2008Botton et al, , 2009aBotton et al, , 2009b. Total RNA was quantified spectrophotometrically, and its integrity was checked by running 1 mg on a 1% agarose gel stained with SYBR Safe (Invitrogen).…”

Section: Rna Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signaling Pathways Mediating the Induction of Apple Fruitlet Abscission

et al. 2010

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Apple (Malus 3 domestica) represents an interesting model tree crop for studying fruit abscission. The physiological fruitlet drop occurring in this species can be easily magnified by using thinning chemicals, such as benzyladenine (BA), to obtain fruits with improved quality and marketability. Despite the economic importance of this process, the molecular determinants of apple fruitlet abscission are still unknown. In this research, BA was used to obtain fruitlet populations with different abscission potentials to be analyzed by means of a newly released 30K oligonucleotide microarray. RNAs were extracted from cortex and seed of apple fruitlets sampled over a 4-d time course, during which BA triggers fruit drop, and used for microarray hybridization. Transcriptomic profiles of persisting and abscising fruitlets were tested for statistical association with abscission potential, allowing us to identify molecular signatures strictly related to fruit destiny. A hypothetical model for apple fruitlet abscission was obtained by putting together available transcriptomic and metabolomic data. According to this model, BA treatment would establish a nutritional stress within the tree that is primarily perceived by the fruitlet cortex whose growth is blocked by resembling the ovary growth inhibition found in other species. In weaker fruits, this stress is soon visible also at the seed level, likely transduced via reactive oxygen species/sugar and hormones signaling cross talk, and followed by a block of embryogenesis and the consequent activation of the abscission zone.

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Environmental factors affecting the expression of apple (Malus×domesticaL. Borkh) allergen-encoding genes

Cited by 15 publications

References 41 publications

A qRT-PCR assay for the expression of all Mal d 1 isoallergen genes

A qRT-PCR assay for the expression of all Mal d 1 isoallergen genes

Evaluation of the phenolic profile and immunoreactivity of Mal d 3 allergen in ancient apple cultivars from Italy

Signaling Pathways Mediating the Induction of Apple Fruitlet Abscission

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