Environmental Heat Illness

Knöchel, James P.

doi:10.1001/archinte.1974.00320170117011

Cited by 134 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…Heat stroke, a catastrophic circulatory failure characterized by hyperpyrexia, delirium, coma and anhidrosis, rarely occurs in children, and is mostly caused by environmental factors such as overheating or too much clothing. 2,15 Although febrile convulsions are terrifying to parents, they carry no risk to subsequent neurologic or developmental disabilities. 16 This study indicates that child health care providers have apparently not done enough in educating parents about fever and its consequences, and considerable efforts will be required to correct such parental misconceptions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental Perceptions of Fever in Children

et al. 2000

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Background: Fever is a common medical problem in children which often prompts parents to seek immediate medical care. The objective of this study was to survey parents about their knowledge and attitude concerning fever in their children. Patients and Methods:The study involved the random selection of Saudi parents who brought their febrile children to the emergency rooms or walk-in clinics of four hospitals in Riyadh. Parents of 560 febrile children were interviewed using a standard questionnaire to obtain sociodemographic information and current knowledge of fever. Approximately 70% of the respondents were female, and the ages of the most were in the range of 20-40 years. More than 80% of the parents had two or more children. Results: More than 70% of parents demonstrated a poor understanding of the definition of fever, high fever, maximum temperature of untreated fever, and threshold temperature warranting antipyresis. About 25% of parents considered temperatures less than 38.0°C to be fever, another 25% did not know the definition of fever, 64% felt that temperatures of less than 40.0°C could be dangerous to a child, and 25% could not define high fever. Another 23% believed that if left untreated, temperatures could rise to 42.0°C or higher, but 37% could not provide an answer, and 62% did not know the minimum temperature for administering antipyretics. Approximately 95% of parents demonstrated undue fear of consequent body damage from fever, including convulsion, brain damage or stroke, coma, serious vague illness, blindness, and even death. Conclusion: Parental misconceptions about fever reflect the lack of active health education in our community. Health professionals have apparently not done enough to educate parents on the condition of fever and its consequences, a common problem.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental Perceptions of Fever in Children

et al. 2000

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“…moderate Tr,, (31.5"C) provided a challenge which Knochel (1974) had theorized that K deficiency was compensated by the ability of both control and could compromise thermal tolerance through any of experimental animals to spread sufficient saliva for several mechanisms: altered energy transformation, adequate thermorcgulation. Nonetheless, both the loss of cell membrane integrity, inadequate en-+ K and -K groups achieved final T,,s that were docrinological adaptations, cardiovascular insuffihigher than that of the C group.…”

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confidence: 99%

Potassium deficiency in rats: Effects on rates of dehydration and electrolyte homeostasis

Francesconi¹,

Leva²,

Johnson³

et al. 1994

Journal of Thermal Biology

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“…The outcome of severe hyperthermia seems to depend on both duration and degree of hyperthermia (18,19). Morbidity and mortality are high when cooling is delayed or ineffective (20)(21)(22).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All methods promote heat loss by conduction, convection, or evaporation. In general, once active surface cooling has reduced Tr to 38.SoC, T continues to drift downward (19,23,24). Recurrence of hyperthermia is rare.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evaporative Cooling as an Adjunct to Ice Bag Use after Resuscitation from Heat-Induced Arrest in a Primate Model

1990

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ABSTRACT. Heat stroke and other hyperthermia-related crises are serious clinical problems in childhood and adolescence. Rapid cooling is required to reduce morbidity and mortality. A variety of effective cooling methods exist, and some may interfere with monitoring and resuscitation or are not readily available. We studied in 12 pigtail monkeys the pathophysiology of immersion hyperthermia (42°C) to cardiac arrest (1 min no flow) and CPR plus cooling to normothermia for restoration and stabilization of spontaneous normotension. This was followed by intractable shock and secondary arrest. These studies gave us the opportunity to compare two simple cooling methods applied during and after CPR: group I (n = 6) received application of ice bags to the groins, axillae, and neck.Group I1 (n = 6) received ice bags plus cold water wetting (sponging) over the entire anterior surface of trunk and extremities, plus fanning. CPR restored spontaneous circulation in four of six in each group, after CPR of 1.5-16 min (NS between groups). Speed of cooling correlated with speed of stabilization of spontaneous normotension. After cardiac arrest and during and after CPR, rectal temperature had declined from a lethal level of 42.2"C to a safe level of 38.5"C within 45 2 6 (38-53) min in group I, and within 28 + 4 (23-32) min in group I1 (p < 0.05). Epidural and esophageal temperatures declined more rapidly than rectal temperature. For critical hyperthermia, we recommend immediate application of ice bags, cold water wetting (sponging), fanning, and head cooling combined when invasive blood cooling (the most effective method) is not immediately available (Pediatr Res 27:264-267, 1990

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Environmental Heat Illness

Cited by 134 publications

References 133 publications

Parental Perceptions of Fever in Children

Parental Perceptions of Fever in Children

Potassium deficiency in rats: Effects on rates of dehydration and electrolyte homeostasis

Evaporative Cooling as an Adjunct to Ice Bag Use after Resuscitation from Heat-Induced Arrest in a Primate Model

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