Environmental Hormone Effects and Bioaccumulation of Propiconazole and Difenoconazole in Procypris merus

Chen, Lichao; Wang, Zhuang; Zhang, Cuifang; Jiang, Wayne; Li, Xuesheng

doi:10.1007/s00128-022-03609-0

Cited by 10 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 33 publications

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“…Toxics 2023, 11, 328 2 of 16 Increasing evidence shows that DFZ has potential cumulative effects [13], and it can threaten human health through skin contact, consumption or inhalation [14][15][16]. DFZ can cause endocrine disruption, embryotoxicity, teratogenic effects, developmental toxicity, hepatotoxicity, and genotoxic effects in zebrafish [17][18][19][20], and even lead to cardiovascular toxicity [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Difenoconazole Exposure Induces Retinoic Acid Signaling Dysregulation and Testicular Injury in Mice Testes

Zheng¹,

Ya²,

Chen³

et al. 2023

Toxics

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Difenoconazole (DFZ) is a broad-spectrum triazole fungicide that is widely utilized in agriculture. Although DFZ has been demonstrated to induce reproductive toxicity in aquatic species, its toxic effects on the mammalian reproductive system have yet to be fully elucidated. In vivo, male mice were administered 0, 20 or 40 mg/kg/d of DFZ via oral gavage for 35 days. Consequently, DFZ significantly decreased testicular organ coefficient, sperm count and testosterone levels, augmented sperm malformation rates, and elicited histopathological alterations in testes. TUNEL assay showed increased apoptosis in testis. Western blotting results suggested abnormally high expression of the sperm meiosis-associated proteins STRA8 and SCP3. The concentrations of retinoic acid (RA), retinaldehyde (RE), and retinol (ROL) were increased in the testicular tissues of DFZ-treated groups. The mRNA expression level of genes implicated in RA synthesis significantly increased while genes involved in RA catabolism significantly decreased. In vitro, DFZ reduced cell viability and increased RA, RE, and ROL levels in GC-2 cells. Transcriptome analysis revealed a significant enrichment of numerous terms associated with the RA pathway and apoptosis. The qPCR experiment verified the transcriptome results. In conclusion, our results indicate that DFZ exposure can disrupt RA signaling pathway, homeostasis, and induce testicular injury in mice testes.

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