Environmental impact of spent lithium ion batteries and green recycling perspectives by organic acids – A review

Meshram, Pratima; Mishra, Alekha Kumar; Abhilash, .; Sahu, Rina

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125291

Cited by 228 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 74 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Since their first appearance on the market in 1991 (Sony), lithium ion batteries have found their way into numerous applications in portable devices, ranging from smartphones, tablets, electronic cigarettes, torches, and cordless tools. More recently, due to environmental concerns, hybrid-electric and electric vehicles, have become more popular; therefore, the design and development of new high-performance high capacity ion batteries (IBs) becomes an urgent need [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. An ion battery is a complex multicomponent device, where one of the critical components is an electrolyte [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of PAMAM Dendrimers on Interactions and Transport of LiTFSI and NaTFSI in Propylene Carbonate-Based Electrolytes

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM)-based electrolytes are prepared by dissolving the PAMAM half-generations G1.5 or G2.5 in propylene carbonate (PC), either with lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) or sodium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (NaTFSI) salts. The solutions, designed for ion battery applications, are studied in terms of ions transport properties. Raman Spectroscopy reveals information about the interactions between cations and PAMAM dendrimers as well as full dissociation of the salts in all solutions. Pulsed-field gradient Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (PFG NMR), measured as a function of both temperature and PAMAM concentration, are obtained for the cation, anion, solvent, and dendrimer molecules using lithium (7Li), sodium (23Na), fluorine (19F), and hydrogen (1H) NMR, respectively. It was found that lithium diffusion is slow compared to the larger TFSI anion and decreases with PAMAM concentration due to interactions between cation and dendrimer. Comparison of conductivities calculated from diffusion coefficients using the Nernst–Einstein equation, with conductivity measurements obtained from Impedance Spectroscopy (IS), shows slightly higher IS conductivities, caused among others by PAMAM conductivity.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of PAMAM Dendrimers on Interactions and Transport of LiTFSI and NaTFSI in Propylene Carbonate-Based Electrolytes

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Baaed on leching studies involving electroative components of spent batteries (Meshram et al, 2019(Meshram et al, , 2020Fernandes et al, 2013;Chen et al, 2018;Yang et al, 2014), the following variables were studied: temperature (25-50 ºC), formic acid concentration (5-15 mol L -1 ) and time (1-4 h). The sample mass to acidic leachant volume ratio was fixed at 100 g L -1 .…”

Section: Leachingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An opportunity to reduce the environmental impact of hydrometallurgical processes lies in the use of organic acids as leachants. They are biodegradable, delay corrosion of equipments, are safer to handle and emit less toxic gases than strong acids (Gao et al, 2018;Meshram et al, 2020). Studies involving organic acids (citric, oxalic, acetic) only focused the leaching step (Alonso et al, 2017;Colmenares et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RECOVERY OF METALS FROM ELECTROACTIVE COMPONENTS OF SPENT Ni-MH BATTERIES AFTER LEACHING WITH FORMIC ACID

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

this work describes a route for recovering nickel, cobalt, iron, zinc and lanthanides from spent nickel-metal hydride batteries. Formic acid was used as leachant. Experiments were run at 25-50°C for 1-4 h. Under the best conditions leaching yields surpassed 99 wt.%, except for iron. The insoluble matter contains almost solely iron as iron(III) basic formate. The leachate went through six separation procedures, combining solvent extraction with D2EHPA as extractant, and precipitation reactions. Fe2+ and Zn2+ were extracted together (> 99 wt.%) from the original leachate (pH ~1.5). Yttrium and lanthanides were precipitated as oxalates directly from the raffinate (> 99.9 wt.%) upon addition of sodium oxalate. In the next steps, Mn2+ and Co2+ were extracted with D2EHPA at buffered pH (3 and ~4.8, respectively), after adding NaOHaq. About 10 wt.% of leached Ni2+ was coextracted with Co2+. The remaining Ni2+ was precipitated from the raffinate after addition of aqueous sodium oxalate at pH 6. After precipitation of Al3+ upon addition of NaOHaq. until pH ~8, sodium formate was recovered after slow evaporation of the final aqueous solution at 60oC. It contains ~90 wt.% of the formate present in the leachant.

show abstract

“…It is believed that hydrometallurgical processes are less energy-consuming than pyrometallurgical ones, but the waste from them is more burdensome. The advantage of hydrometallurgical processes is also that they allow in most cases the processing of a mixture of different types of batteries simultaneously [36][37][38]. The third stage of recycling used cells should be the processes of managing all post-process waste in such a way that they are not harmful to the environment.…”

Section: Recycling Of Used Li-ion Batteries and Accumulators In Polandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future Portable Li-Ion Cells’ Recycling Challenges in Poland

Sobianowska-Turek

Urbańska

2019

Batteries

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The paper presents the market of portable lithium-ion batteries in the European Union (EU) with particular emphasis on the stream of used Li-ion cells in Poland by 2030. In addition, the article draws attention to the fact that, despite a decade of efforts in Poland, it has not been possible to create an effective management system for waste batteries and accumulators that would include waste management (collection and selective sorting), waste disposal (a properly selected mechanical method) and component recovery technology for reuse (pyrometallurgical and/or hydrometallurgical methods). This paper also brings attention to the fact that this EU country with 38 million people does not have in its area a recycling process for used cells of the first type of zinc-carbon, zinc-manganese or zinc-air, as well as the secondary type of nickel-hydride and lithium-ion, which in the stream of chemical waste energy sources will be growing from year to year.

show abstract

Environmental impact of spent lithium ion batteries and green recycling perspectives by organic acids – A review

Cited by 228 publications

References 74 publications

Effect of PAMAM Dendrimers on Interactions and Transport of LiTFSI and NaTFSI in Propylene Carbonate-Based Electrolytes

Effect of PAMAM Dendrimers on Interactions and Transport of LiTFSI and NaTFSI in Propylene Carbonate-Based Electrolytes

RECOVERY OF METALS FROM ELECTROACTIVE COMPONENTS OF SPENT Ni-MH BATTERIES AFTER LEACHING WITH FORMIC ACID

Future Portable Li-Ion Cells’ Recycling Challenges in Poland

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About