Environmental influences on the central nervous system and their implications for the aging rat

Mohammed, Abdul K.; Henriksson, Bengt G.; Söderström, Stine; Ebendal, Ted; Olsson, Tommy; Seckl, Jonathan R.

doi:10.1016/0166-4328(93)90134-c

Cited by 186 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…42 The molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of EE have been largely studied in the context of learning, memory and neurological disorders. 43 Regarding the anxiolytic effects of EE, it has been suggested that the EE-induced increase in glucocorticoid receptors in the hippocampus 44,45 could enhance glucocorticoid sensitivity leading to an increase in the negative feedback loop from the hippocampus to the hypothalamus, suppressing the release of CRF. 46 However, one study has examined the effect of EE on CRF gene expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and found no significant effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The anxiolytic effect of environmental enrichment is mediated via amygdalar CRF receptor type 1

et al. 2010

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Environmental enrichment (EE) is known to have an anxiolytic effect in several animal models; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying these behavioral changes are not understood. In this study, we have shown that the anxiolytic effect of EE is associated with alterations in the corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 1 (CRFR1) expression levels in the limbic system. We found that the decrease in anxiety-like behavior after housing in enriched conditions was associated with very low levels of CRFR1 mRNA expression in the basolateral amygdala of C57BL/6 mice. We further showed using a lentiviral-based system of RNA interference, that knockdown of CRFR1 mRNA expression in the basolateral amygdala induces a significant decrease in anxiety levels, similar to those achieved by EE nurture. Our data strongly suggest that reduced expression of CRFR1 mRNA levels in the basolateral amygdala mediates the effect of EE on anxiety-like behavior. Molecular Psychiatry (2010) 15, 905-917;

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The anxiolytic effect of environmental enrichment is mediated via amygdalar CRF receptor type 1

et al. 2010

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“…Young adult rats given 30 days of EC experience beginning at 50 days of age, like rats given infantile handling, showed higher expression of the gene encoding glucocorticoid receptors in the hippocampus, and they also showed induction of genes for nerve growth factors in the hippocampus (Mohammed et al 1993, Olsson et al 1994. The investigators suggest that enriched experience in adulthood, like infantile handling, may protect the aging hippocampus from glucocorticoid neurotoxicity.…”

Section: Enriched Experience Aids "Successful Aging"mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspects of the Search for Neural Mechanisms of Memory

Rosenzweig

1996

Annu. Rev. Psychol.

102

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The search for neural mechanisms of memory has been under way for more than a century. The pace quickened in the 1960s when investigators found that training or differential experience leads to significant changes in brain neurochemistry, anatomy, and electrophysiology. Many steps have now been identified in the neurochemical cascade that starts with neural stimulation and ends with encoding information in long-term memory. Applications of research in this field are being made to child development, successful aging, recovery from brain damage, and animal welfare. Extensions of current research and exciting new techniques promise novel insights into mechanisms of memory in the decades ahead. CONTENTS

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“…The anatomical changes comprise increases in the brain weight, the thickness of the cerebral cortex, the size of neuronal soma, and numbers of dendritic spines, synapses and non neuronal cells (Rosenzweig et al, 1962a, b;Mohammed et al, 1990;Mohammed et al, 1993;Moser et al, 1997;Rampon and Tsien, 2000;Johansson and Belichenko, 2002;Nilsson and Pekny, 2007). Furthermore, environmental enrichment increases the proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells resulting in an enhanced neurogenesis in the hippocampus (Kempermann et al, 1997;Olson et al, 2006).…”

Section: Modifications In Structure and Neurogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Is exposure to enriched environment beneficial for functional post-lesional recovery in temporal lobe epilepsy?

Dhanushkodi

Shetty

2008

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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Exposure to environmental enrichment has been shown to induce robust neuronal plasticity in both intact and injured adult central nervous system, including up-regulation of multiple neurotrophic factors, enhanced neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, and improved spatial learning and memory function. Neuronal plasticity, though mostly adaptive and abnormal, also occurs during certain neurodegenerative conditions such as the temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The TLE is characterized by hippocampal neurodegeneration, aberrant mossy fiber sprouting, spontaneous recurrent motor seizures, cognitive deficits, and abnormally enhanced neurogenesis during the early phase and dramatically declined neurogenesis during the chronic phase of the disease. As enrichment has been found to be beneficial for treating animal models of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases, there is considerable interest in determining the efficacy of this strategy for preventing or treating chronic TLE after the initial precipitating brain injury. This review first discusses the proof of principle behind the potential application of the environmental enrichment strategy for preventing or treating TLE after brain injury. The subsequent chapters confer the portrayed beneficial effects of enrichment for functional post-lesional recovery in TLE and the possible complications which may arise from housing epilepsy-prone or epileptic rats in enriched environmental conditions. The final segment discusses studies that are essential for further understanding the efficacy of this approach for preventing or treating TLE.

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Environmental influences on the central nervous system and their implications for the aging rat

Cited by 186 publications

References 83 publications

The anxiolytic effect of environmental enrichment is mediated via amygdalar CRF receptor type 1

The anxiolytic effect of environmental enrichment is mediated via amygdalar CRF receptor type 1

Aspects of the Search for Neural Mechanisms of Memory

Is exposure to enriched environment beneficial for functional post-lesional recovery in temporal lobe epilepsy?

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