Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis and the role of globalization in selected African countries

Shahbaz, Muhammad; Solarin, Sakiru Adebola; Öztürk, İlhan

doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.03.024

Cited by 233 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…The results support the EKC hypothesis for India, China, Korea, and Turkey. Shahbaz and Solarin [43] examined the existence of the EKC hypothesis for 19 African countries for the period of1971-2012 by using an ARDL bounds testing approach. The findings suggested that only six countries support the EKC hypothesis, and that globalization plays an important role from county to country in decreasing CO 2 emissions.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the EKC Hypothesis for the BCIM-EC Member Countries under the Belt and Road Initiative

et al. 2020

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This paper attempts to examine the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for the BCIM-EC (Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar economic corridor) member countries under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) of China. Both time series and panel data are covered, with respect to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions, GDP per capita, energy use, and trade openness. For panel data analysis, GDP per capita and energy consumption have positive effects on CO 2 , while the effect of the quadratic term of GDP per capita is negative in the short-run. However, the short-run effects do not remain valid in the long-run, except for energy use. Therefore, the EKC hypothesis is only a short-run phenomenon in the case of the panel data framework. However, based on the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach with and without structural breaks, the EKC hypothesis exists in India and China, while the EKC hypothesis holds in Bangladesh and Myanmar with regard to disregarding breaks within the short-run. The long-run estimates support the EKC hypothesis of considering and disregarding structural breaks for Bangladesh, China, and India. The findings of the Dumitrescu and Hurlin panel noncausality tests show that there is a unidirectional causality that runs from GDP per capita to carbon emission, squared GDP to carbon emission, and carbon emission to trade openness. Therefore, the BCIM-EC under the BRI should not only focus on connectivity and massive infrastructural development for securing consecutive economic growth among themselves, but also undertake a long-range policy to cope with environmental degradation and to ensure sustainable green infrastructure.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the EKC Hypothesis for the BCIM-EC Member Countries under the Belt and Road Initiative

et al. 2020

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“…Similar studies investigating the EKC hypothesis at the national level have been conducted by Kunnas and Myllyntaus () for Finland; Ozturk and Acaravci () for Turkey; Park and Lee () for the Republic of Korea; Brajer, Mead, and Xiao (), Jayanthakumaran and Liu (), and Liu, Zhou, and Wu () for China; Bekhet and Othman (), Saboori, Sulaiman, and Mohd (), and Saboori and Sulaiman () for Malaysia; Tiwari, Shahbaz, and Hye () for India; Katircioğlu () for Singapore; Shahbaz, Khraief, Uddin, and Ozturk () for Tunisia; Sugiawan and Managi () for Indonesia; Atasoy () for the United States; and Olale, Ochuodho, Lantz, and El Armali () for Canada. Furthermore, at the regional level, the EKC hypothesis has been tested by a number of scholars, such as Atici () for the central and eastern Europe; Pao and Tsai () for a panel of Brazil, Russia, India, and China countries; Acaravci and Ozturk () for Europe; Arouri, Youssef, M'henni, and Rault () for Middle East and North African countries; Ozcan () for Middle East countries; Bölük and Mert () for a panel of European Union countries; Ozturk () for Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa countries; Heidari, Katircioğlu, and Saeidpour () for five Association of South East Asian Nations countries; Bilgili, Koçak, and Bulut () for 17 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries; Shahbaz, Solarin, and Ozturk () for 19 African countries; Charfeddine and Mrabet () for 15 Middle East and North African countries; and Dong, Sun, Jiang, and Zeng () for 14 Asia‐Pacific countries. In addition, the EKC hypothesis has been examined at the global level by, for example, Alvarado, Ponce, Criollo, Córdova, and Khan (); Paramati, Alam, and Apergis (); Rasli, Qureshi, Isah‐Chikaji, Zaman, and Ahmad (); Shahbaz, Ozturk, Afza, and Ali (); Shuai et al (); Shuai et al (); and Ulucak and Bilgili ().…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The environmental consequences of fossil fuels in China: National and regional perspectives

Zhong

Dong

2019

Sustainable Development

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Control of the increasing fossil fuel‐based carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and the associated environmental consequences are important for sustainable development in China. Nevertheless, very few studies have investigated the environmental consequences of China's fossil fuels at both the national and regional levels. For this purpose, this study explores the dynamic relationships among CO2 emissions, economic growth, and consumption of various fossil fuels (i.e., coal, petroleum, and natural gas) in China, using the panel dataset of 30 provinces for the period 1997–2015. Considering the significant differences across various regions, the whole sample and different regions in China are analyzed separately. The estimated results, at both the national and regional levels, provide strong evidence in favor of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis for CO2 emissions in China. Furthermore, increasing coal and petroleum consumption significantly promotes CO2 emissions. Conversely, natural gas offers a cleaner substitute for other fossil fuels (i.e., coal and petroleum); its substitution effect may be influenced by the share of natural gas in the total energy needs. Finally, the above findings highlight several policy implications for the Chinese government's policymakers to effectively reduce CO2 emissions in China, thereby setting the nation on a sustainable development path.

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“…To ensure the positive impact of agricultural coal energy and electricity energy on agricultural CO 2 emissions, there needs to be a policy of searching for and using renewable energy (wind, solar, biodiesel fuel) within the South African agricultural sector. There is large potential for bioenergy and hydroelectricity use in the South African agricultural sector, but it will require buy-in and investment [58]. Policy makers could also increase taxes on fossil fuel use within the agricultural sector, whilst subsidising renewable energies.…”

Section: Conclusion and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achieving Food Security in a Climate Change Environment: Considerations for Environmental Kuznets Curve Use in the South African Agricultural Sector

Ngarava

Zhou

Ayuk

et al. 2019

Climate

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This study relates agricultural income and agricultural carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the context of environmental Kuznets curves for South Africa. We posit likely relationships between UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 1, 2 and 13, relating food production to climate change action. CO2 emissions, income, coal energy consumption and electricity energy consumption time series data from 1990 to 2012 within the South African agricultural sector were used. The autoregressive distributive lag bounds-test and the error correction model were used to analyse the data. The results show long-run relationships. However, agricultural income was only significant in the linear and squared models. Changes in agricultural CO2 emissions from the short run towards the long run are estimated at 71.9%, 124.7% and 125.3% every year by the linear, squared and cubic models, respectively. Exponentially increasing agricultural income did not result in a decrease in agricultural CO2 emissions, which is at odds with the Kuznets hypothesis. The study concludes that it will be difficult for South Africa to simultaneously achieve SDGs 1, 2 and 13, especially given that agriculture is reliant upon livestock production, the largest CO2 emitter in the sector. The sector needs to shift to renewable energy consumption with fewer CO2 emissions.

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Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis and the role of globalization in selected African countries

Cited by 233 publications

References 69 publications

Evaluating the EKC Hypothesis for the BCIM-EC Member Countries under the Belt and Road Initiative

Evaluating the EKC Hypothesis for the BCIM-EC Member Countries under the Belt and Road Initiative

The environmental consequences of fossil fuels in China: National and regional perspectives

Achieving Food Security in a Climate Change Environment: Considerations for Environmental Kuznets Curve Use in the South African Agricultural Sector

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