Environmental licensing challenges for the implementation of photovoltaic solar energy projects in Brazil

Hoffmann, Alessandra Schwertner; Carvalho, Gabriel Henriques de; Cardoso, Rodolfo

doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2019.07.002

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Assim, a agência decide se há a necessidade de um Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA -Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental) para o projeto. Caso haja, há dois tipos que podem ser realizados: uma avaliação padrão por um órgão responsável ou uma avaliação mais abrangente composto por uma série de especialistas que não têm conflitos de interesse (HOFFMANN et al 2019).…”

Section: -Canadáunclassified

“…Entretanto, a geração de energia solar fotovoltaica não é mencionada. Para este tipo de empreendimento, a aprovação é realizada pelo respectivo município, que vai determinar se o projeto não viola nenhuma de suas restrições de zoneamento (HOFFMANN et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Para isso, é exigido que o município faça uma avaliação do impacto ambiental da atividade, para o zoneamento da instalação de usinas solares fotovoltaicas. Tais empreendimentos podem ser instalados e operados em áreas prioritárias com apenas uma licença municipal simplificada (HOFFMANN et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Entretanto, há cláusulas específicas que fazem a exigência de compensação ambiental por perturbar o meio de alguma forma, aplicadas assim dependendo do caso específico e de acordo com as condições locais (HOFFMANN et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Em relação à projetos de energia, a autoridade responsável pela condução do processo de revisão ambiental é o Departamento de Energia, que avalia a necessidade de licenciamento e define os estudos ambientais aplicável às empresas (HOFFMANN et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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O processo de licenciamento ambiental de usinas solares fotovoltaicas no Brasil

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The generation of electric energy from the solar source is very promising. This is due to the fact that the search for renewable sources is increasingly intense, since finite resources, such as oil products etc., are becoming scarcer and new hydroelectric projects are less and less feasible to be developed due to environmental issues. Under these circumstances, the development of alternatives with less impact on the environment is on the agenda for the expansion of the electricity production system. The production of electric energy, through the direct conversion of solar radiation into electricity, with photovoltaic systems, presents itself as one of the alternatives. However, the deployment and operation of photovoltaic systems are not free from environmental impacts associated with the adequacy of the occupied area and with the logistical movements of the implantation and operation of the systems. The environmental licensing process for the installation and operation of photovoltaic plants is not widely studied and there are few references. In this way, this work analyzes the environmental licensing process practiced in the state of Ceará, which has a protocol for the environmental licensing of photovoltaic projects. From this analysis, it presents the main obstacles faced, existing gaps and guidelines for the elaboration of protocols for environmental licensing of photovoltaic plant.Among the main problems encountered, it is mentioned the conflict of competences, the absence of federal regulations, deficiency of technical scientific knowledge and the existence of a contractual tie between the company that executes the environmental report and the person interested in the enterprise. In order for the obstacles to be resolved, it is suggested the approval of norms that define the competences attributed to each sphere, regulation of the principles of environmental law, creation of specific courses in solar technology and pass the process of environmental licensing to an independent agency, without contractual bond with those interested in the enterprise.

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Section: -Canadáunclassified

Section: Introductionunclassified