Environmental performance of reusing a contaminated soil solidified/stabilized by a low-carbon binder as roadway subgrade material

Engineering Properties of Novel Vertical Cutoff Wall Backfills Composed of Alkali-Activated Slag, Polymer-Amended Bentonite and Sand

“…However, ordinary Portland cement (OPC) as the primary functional material in SCB and CB backfills results in Polymers 2023, 15, 3059 2 of 13 negative engineering consequences including large carbon dioxide emissions, high energy consumption, and limited chemical compatibility [9,10]. To overcome these challenges, various industrial by-products are used in land remediation and ground improvement projects with extensive application, including but not limited to ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) [10][11][12][13]. It is noted that GGBS has been successfully employed as a partial substitute for cement in backfills with low hydraulic conductivity [14].…”

Remediation of a clay soil contaminated with phenanthrene by using mixture of bentonite and cement

“…Solidification is referred to a method in which a solid material is made that encapsulates the contaminating substances. The solidification and stabilization (S/S) method is usually used for the remediation of soils contaminated with inorganic substances 8–16 . There is relatively limited experience in remediating soils contaminated with organic substances, particularly petroleum hydrocarbons, using S/S 17–19 .…”

“…The solidification and stabilization (S/S) method is usually used for the remediation of soils contaminated with inorganic substances. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] There is relatively limited experience in remediating soils contaminated with organic substances, particularly petroleum hydrocarbons, using S/S. [17][18][19] Cement and lime are common binders that are used for stabilization/solidification but other binders such as pozzolan and silicate are also used, as sometimes cement or lime are not effective in remediation of soils contaminated with organic substances.…”