“…With the continuous development of industry and the rapid growth of the population, air pollution has become very serious, especially the emission of motor vehicle exhaust, which has a huge impact on air quality and seriously affects the lives of people in cities. The burden of disease and death caused by environmental pollution challenges public health around the world [ 11 ]. Especially in developing countries, the kidneys are vulnerable to environmental pollutants, because most environmental toxins are concentrated by the kidneys during filtration [ 12 ].…”