Environmental risks and problems of the optimal management of an oil shale semi-coke and ash landfill in Kohtla-Järve, Estonia

Vallner, L.; Gavrilova, Olga; Vilu, Raivo

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.130

Cited by 34 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…For implementing the experimental research on the effect of F-T cycles on the specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the MC, XPS board, and SC, abundant raw materials including OSA, FA, and SC were obtained from the experimental road ( Figure 1) and shown in Figure 2, which is located at north latitude 44.896407°, east longitude 126.559129°, and at an altitude of 207.51m. The leachates of OSA and FA landfills are considered to be highly contaminated because they are rich in potentially toxic trace elements, which is congealed from the flue gas, and thus have attracted much focus and study on the environmental problem [12,16,17]. For reducing the environmental problems by OSA and FA and reusing them, soil modified by them is an effective measure [18,19].…”

Section: Raw Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Numerical Research on Utilizing Modified Silty Clay and Extruded Polystyrene (XPS) Board as the Subgrade Thermal Insulation Layer in a Seasonally Frozen Region, Northeast China

Wei

Zhou

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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For strengthening sustainability of subgrade life-cycle service performance and storing industry solid wastes in seasonally frozen regions, compared to previous research of modified silty clay (MC) which consisted of oil shale ash (OSA), fly ash (FA), and silty clay (SC), we identified for the first time, the variations in the thermal insulation capability of MC with different levels of dry density and moisture content. Taking into consideration the effects of 0–20 freeze-thaw (F-T) cycles by a laboratory test, and by the numerical simulation of coupling moisture-temperature, while considering the effects of F-T cycles, the thermal insulation capability of the MC board and the XPS board were studied quantitatively. The testing results show that the thermal conductivity of MC and SC gradually decreases as the number of F-T cycles increases, and that of the XPS board increases with the increased number of F-T cycles, and tend to be of a constant value of 0.061 W/m/K after 17 F-T cycles. The specific heat capacity of the solid particles of the MC, SC, and XPS board does not change regularly as their moisture content, and the number of F-T cycles change, and their variations are in the range of the test error (2%). Simulation results show that MC has the advantage of the thermal insulation property to reduce the frost-depth of 0.21 m, and the thermal insulation property of the composite layer consisting of the MC and XPS board is greater to reduce the frost-depth of 0.55 m, so that it can protect both the SC and sand gravel of the experimental road from the frost heave damage. The research methods and results are very significant in accurately evaluating the thermal insulation capacity and the sustainability of MC and the composite layer consisting of the MC and XPS board, strengthening the stability of the subgrade and increasing the availability of industrial waste.

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Section: Raw Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Numerical Research on Utilizing Modified Silty Clay and Extruded Polystyrene (XPS) Board as the Subgrade Thermal Insulation Layer in a Seasonally Frozen Region, Northeast China

Wei

Zhou

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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“…OSW and FA have attracted much attention and research on environmental issues [16,17]. For recycling of OSW and FA and reducing the environmental problems caused by them, soil stabilization is an effective measure [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of Using Modified Silty Clay and Extruded Polystyrene (XPS) Board as the Subgrade Thermal Insulation Layer in a Seasonally Frozen Region, Northeast China

Wei

Han

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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To achieve the purposes of storing industry solid wastes and enhancing subgrade stability in seasonally frozen regions, Structure III, which utilized the modified silty clay (SC) and extruded polystyrene (XPS) board as a novel subgrade thermal insulation layer (NSTIL), was presented. The above modified SC consisted of oil shale industry solid waste, fly ash and SC. In terms of environmental impact, the average single pollution index, the Nemerow integrated pollution index and national standards were carried out to estimate whether the modified SC could be used as a subgrade filler. These results show that, although the modified SC will produce pollution to the environmental background, the concentration of each hydrochemical constituent from the modified SC meets the corresponding national standards in China. In terms of the thermal insulation capability, the numerical simulation of coupling moisture and temperature was applied to analyze that of Structures I, II and III. The research results show that the numerical results of the Structure I are approximated to the official website information of Jilin province, indicating that the above numerical simulation is effective for coupling moisture and temperature of frozen soil. Both modified SC and NSTIL have the advantage of good thermal insulation property, but the thermal insulation property of the NSTIL is greater. Furthermore, the NSTIL at the top of the Structure III can protect the SC of the experimental road from the damage of frost heave. The research results are of great significance for reducing environmental pollution caused by oil shale industry solid waste and fly ash, increasing the utilization rate of industrial waste and enhancing the subgrade stability in seasonally frozen regions.

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“…Because of its specific composition and structure, oil shale has good prospects for use in many fields, such as the chemical and building materials industries, medicine, agriculture, environmental protection, etc. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Oil shale deposits are found in many parts of the world, but these are distributed unevenly and have not been developed and used very well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and Resource Potential of Oil Shale in China

Liu¹,

Meng²,

Dong³

et al. 2017

Oil Shale

107

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Based on the results of the National Oil Shale Resource Evaluation in China conducted from 2003 to 2006, and combined with the new exploration progress in recent years, the characteristics and resource potential of oil shale in China have been systematically studied in this paper. Oil shale resources in China are abundant, with deposits mainly found in the continental environment and, secondarily, in marine-continental facies. The color of oil shale is black to grayish black, black to gray brown or gray to dark gray. In general, the darker the color, the higher the quality of oil shale. The most common minerals in oil shale are clay minerals, quartz and feldspars. The concentration of organic carbon in Chinese oil shale is high, between 7.48 and 38.02%. By organic genetic type, oil shale can be divided into sapropelic, humosapropelic and saprohumic oil shale. Oil shale used for industrial purposes has a medium to high oil yield and high ash content. Oil shale resources in China are mainly concentrated in 20 provinces and autonomous regions, 50 basins and 83 petroliferous shale areas. Total oil shale resources are estimated at approximately 978 billion tons, i.e. about 61 billion tons of in-place shale oil, mainly distributed throughout eastern and central China and the Qinghai-Tibet Region in western China. This paper outlines the distribution of oil shale deposits in China with respect to depositional basin type, and oil shale age and grade. Oil shale in China was deposited mainly in extensional and intra-plate basins during the Mesozoic and the Cenozoic. The size of the basins diminishes from older to younger deposits. Oil shale resources that yield shale oil more than 5% by weight account for about 72% of the rock's total resources in the country.

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Environmental risks and problems of the optimal management of an oil shale semi-coke and ash landfill in Kohtla-Järve, Estonia

Cited by 34 publications

References 22 publications

Experimental and Numerical Research on Utilizing Modified Silty Clay and Extruded Polystyrene (XPS) Board as the Subgrade Thermal Insulation Layer in a Seasonally Frozen Region, Northeast China

Experimental and Numerical Research on Utilizing Modified Silty Clay and Extruded Polystyrene (XPS) Board as the Subgrade Thermal Insulation Layer in a Seasonally Frozen Region, Northeast China

Feasibility of Using Modified Silty Clay and Extruded Polystyrene (XPS) Board as the Subgrade Thermal Insulation Layer in a Seasonally Frozen Region, Northeast China

Characteristics and Resource Potential of Oil Shale in China

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