Environmental sampling for disease surveillance: Recent advances and recommendations for best practice

Santarpia, Joshua L.; Klug, Elizabeth; Ravnholdt, Ashley R.; Kinahan, Sean

doi:10.1080/10962247.2023.2197825

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 201 publications

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“…Although various technologies and protocols for the detection or identification of microorganisms in laboratory-based settings exist, rapid and on-site bioaerosol monitoring methods are severely limited mainly due to their low concentration and diversity in indoor or outdoor environments. There are many analytical techniques used for such bioaerosol monitoring, and their advantages and disadvantages have been described systematically by Santarpia and coworkers [ 6 ]. Thus, bioaerosol monitoring essentially requires effective sampling methods followed by appropriate detection techniques for the collected samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-Site Bioaerosol Sampling and Airborne Microorganism Detection Technologies

Rastmanesh,

Boruah,

Lee

et al. 2024

Biosensors

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Bioaerosols are small airborne particles composed of microbiological fragments, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, pollens, and/or by-products of cells, which may be viable or non-viable wherever applicable. Exposure to these agents can cause a variety of health issues, such as allergic and infectious diseases, neurological disorders, and cancer. Therefore, detecting and identifying bioaerosols is crucial, and bioaerosol sampling is a key step in any bioaerosol investigation. This review provides an overview of the current bioaerosol sampling methods, both passive and active, as well as their applications and limitations for rapid on-site monitoring. The challenges and trends for detecting airborne microorganisms using molecular and immunological methods are also discussed, along with a summary and outlook for the development of prompt monitoring technologies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-Site Bioaerosol Sampling and Airborne Microorganism Detection Technologies

Rastmanesh,

Boruah,

Lee

et al. 2024

Biosensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Creating respiratory pathogen-free environments in healthcare and nursing-care settings: a comprehensive review

Nagy,

Czitrovszky,

Lehoczki

et al. 2024

GeroScience

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Hospital- and nursing-care-acquired infections are a growing problem worldwide, especially during epidemics, posing a significant threat to older adults in geriatric settings. Intense research during the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the prominent role of aerosol transmission of pathogens. Aerosol particles can easily adsorb different airborne pathogens, carrying them for a long time. Understanding the dynamics of airborne pathogen transmission is essential for controlling the spread of many well-known pathogens, like the influenza virus, and emerging ones like SARS-CoV-2. Particles smaller than 50 to 100 µm remain airborne and significantly contribute to pathogen transmission. This review explores the journey of pathogen-carrying particles from formation in the airways, through airborne travel, to deposition in the lungs. The physicochemical properties of emitted particles depend on health status and emission modes, such as breathing, speaking, singing, coughing, sneezing, playing wind instruments, and medical interventions. After emission, sedimentation and evaporation primarily determine particle fate. Lung deposition of inhaled aerosol particles can be studied through in vivo, in vitro, or in silico methods. We discuss several numerical lung models, such as the Human Respiratory Tract Model, the LUng Dose Evaluation Program software (LUDEP), the Stochastic Lung Model, and the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques, and real-time or post-evaluation methods for detecting and characterizing these particles. Various air purification methods, particularly filtration, are reviewed for their effectiveness in healthcare settings. In the discussion, we analyze how this knowledge can help create environments with reduced PM2.5 and pathogen levels, enhancing safety in healthcare and nursing-care settings. This is particularly crucial for protecting older adults, who are more vulnerable to infections due to weaker immune systems and the higher prevalence of chronic conditions. By implementing effective airborne pathogen control measures, we can significantly improve health outcomes in geriatric settings.

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