Environmental, Urinary Iodine Status and Prevalence of Goitre among Schoolchildren in a High Altitude Area of Saudi Arabia

Ms, Omar; D, El-Sayed Desouky

doi:10.12669/pjms.312.6637

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…e social implication of iodine deficiency is its negative effects on children learning ability [4]. As such, school-aged children are deemed the most vulnerable group to iodine deficiency, since growth of tissue and brain development tend to be more uniform during this period [5]. e World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that over 200 million school-aged children in the world are iodine deficient and are at risk of its complications [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Goitre Prevalence and Urinary Iodine Concentration in School-Aged Children in the Ashanti Region of Ghana

Gyamfi

Wiafe

Awuah

et al. 2020

International Journal of Endocrinology

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Background. Iodine deficiency is a public health problem. The universal salt iodization (USI) program is the main, simple, and cost-effective intervention strategy to control iodine deficiency. The study examined the iodine status in school-aged children in Ashanti region, Ghana, using thyroid volumes along with urinary iodine concentrations, the methods recommended by the WHO/ICCIDD for monitoring the sustained impact of USI programs. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted among school-aged children (6–12 years) from randomly selected schools in the central and northern part of the Ashanti region, Kumasi Metropolis, and Ejura-Sekyedumase Municipality, respectively. A total of 852 children were enrolled in the study. Thyroid volume and urinary iodine concentrations of the children were determined using the standardized methods recommended by WHO/ICCIDD. Anthropometric measurements were also evaluated. Results. The mean values of thyroid volume in female and male school-aged children were 3.53 ± 0.09 and 3.32 ± 0.07, respectively. The thyroid size was significantly associated with age (P<0.0001), weight (P<0.0001), height (P<0.0001), BMI (P<0.05), and BSA (P<0.0001) by Pearson’s correlation in both males and females. The P50 (median) thyroid volumes of school children investigated in this study were generally larger compared to the WHO/ICCIDD reference data by age and body surface area. The median value of urinary iodine concentration was 201.85 μg/L, which showed significant sex difference (P value <0.0001). Excessive iodine nutrition (≥300 μg/L) was observed among 34.4% of male children and 27.6% of female children. Also, 12.8% of the male and 19.5% of the female children had UIC below requirement (<100 μg/L). The criteria of thyroid volume per age yielded a goitre prevalence of 2.2%. In contrast, the criteria of thyroid volume by body surface area yielded a goitre prevalence of 0.9%. Conclusion. The study clearly indicated that adequate iodine nutrition exists generally among the school children. However, insufficient and excessive iodine intakes still persist among some of the children. The establishment of local reference values for thyroid volume that might be applicable to precisely define goitre prevalence in the Ghanaian context is highly recommended.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Goitre Prevalence and Urinary Iodine Concentration in School-Aged Children in the Ashanti Region of Ghana

Gyamfi

Wiafe

Awuah

et al. 2020

International Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Iodine deficiency is undisputedly the most common cause of goiter worldwide as is true for the region we are living in. 7 Simple diffuse goiter, which is by far the commonest thyroid disorder, is a physiological entity and has a high prevalence among the premenopausal female age group. On the other hand, thyroid nodules are formed as the age increases and are more common among the males.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcome of one year’s experience of thyroid surgery in a high volume center.

Asghar

Kaleem

Afzal

et al. 2020

TPMJ

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Objectives: This study was performed to take an overview of the modes of presentation of these disorders, demographic factors of presenting patients, procedures to deal with these disorders and complications associated with them in our surgical ward. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study. Setting: Department of North Surgery, Mayo Hospital Lahore Pakistan. Period: September 2018 to September 2019. Material & Methods: All adult patients of either gender who presented with benign or malignant thyroid disorders and were managed surgically during the study period were included. The data was recorded on a pre-designed proforma maintained at the department. Results: Out of 156 patients, there were 146(93.6%) females and 10(6.4%) males. The most commonly performed procedure was total thyroidectomy i.e 102 (65.3%) while hemi thyroidectomies being 41 (26.1%). We performed 4 neck dissections in this time period for malignancies. The mean hospital stay ranged from 1-12 days with a mean of 2.88±1.99 days. There was no in-hospital mortality. Temporary hypocalcemia was the most common early complication found in 32(20.5%) patients. Conclusion: Thyroid surgery is a safe procedure to be performed for teaching purposes in a high volume unit like ours with complication rates reaching near zero.

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“…A review of 624 thyroidectomies shows that multinodular goiter (MNG) was common in females and MNG appears to be associated with long standing of iodine deficiency. 3 Some literature 4 reported that a high altitude area and environmental, urinary iodine status was associated with goiter and goiter prevalence. It has been reported 5 , 6 a high incidence of goiter and nodules on thyroid ultrasonography in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multinodular Goiter Spontaneous Hemorrhage in ESRD Patients Result in Acute Respiratory Failure

et al. 2016

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Euthyroid multinodular goiters may lead to acute respiratory failure caused by airway obstruction or laryngotracheal compression. Here, we present a case admitted to the nephrologist with multinodular goiter spontaneous hemorrhage along with respiratory failure and end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which required urgent surgical intervention.We report the case of a 63-year-old woman with ESRD who presented with a rapidly enlarging nodular goiter resulting in acute respiratory failure. Endotracheal intubation and emergency partial thyroidectomy were performed, revealing multinodular goiter spontaneous hemorrhage by postoperative histopathology. Several cases of benign goiters necessitating endotracheal intubation have been reported. Goiters are among the rare diagnoses in patients consulting at our institution's Nephrology.This case illustrates that ESRD patients with benign goiter may lead to acute respiratory failure due to airway obstruction or laryngotracheal compression. It was found in agreement with previous reports. This case highlights that ESRD patient at risk of this life threatening complication such as multinodular goiter hemorrhage should be managed with elective thyroidectomy to reduce morbidity and mortality.

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Environmental, Urinary Iodine Status and Prevalence of Goitre among Schoolchildren in a High Altitude Area of Saudi Arabia

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Goitre Prevalence and Urinary Iodine Concentration in School-Aged Children in the Ashanti Region of Ghana

Goitre Prevalence and Urinary Iodine Concentration in School-Aged Children in the Ashanti Region of Ghana

Outcome of one year’s experience of thyroid surgery in a high volume center.

Multinodular Goiter Spontaneous Hemorrhage in ESRD Patients Result in Acute Respiratory Failure

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