Envisioning a Future-Proof Global 6G from Business, Regulation, and Technology Perspectives

Abstract

Future 6G has been envisioned to connect human, digital, and physical worlds as a novel general-purpose connectivity platform infrastructure that converges different enabling technologies for various purposes across domains. Competing 6G vision documents have been published to influence the global IMT towards 2030 and beyond (i.e. 6G) vision work at the ITU-R in terms of enabling technologies, usage scenarios and capabilities, following the technology-dominated tradition stemming from prior mobile communication generations. The current visions comprise a complex mix of competing and partially overlapping elements, lacking a coherent and holistic framework and terminology to reconcile a global 6G vision that would help in its successful development and commercialization. Although the published visions increasingly address sustainability and humancentricity as key drivers, they lack an integrated multi-disciplinary and multi-stakeholder approach to integrating the drivers. To help the global 6G vision building process, this paper offers a humancentric and sustainability-driven framework and actions for defining and developing 6G. The framework defines inter-related questions needed to define and develop 6G, such as: why we are doing 6G, who we are doing it for, who are doing it, what purposes users will use it for, how users will use it, how we will make 6G work, and how we will measure it. The framework is used for presenting selected future examples for 6G usage scenarios. The presented framework builds on the analysis of the existing 6G vision works and forms a foundation for joint global future-proof 6G visioning.

A Novel Transceiver and an Asynchronous Mode for the Hybrid Multiple Access HetNet Architecture

“…In DL-HMA, a small-cell BS transmits different signals across radio resource blocks 1 for the number of UE devices by using the multiuser transmission scheme of superposition coding. The desired signals, along with the severe interference produced due to other UE radiated signals, arrive at the recipient.…”

“…But since 5G also uses OFDMA, NOMA techniques haven't completely taken over from the fourth to the fifth generation. The sixth generation (6G) of mobile networks will require a cutting-edge technology that enables the IMT-2030 vision to be achieved [1]. To create new research opportunities over the following few decades, it is now especially important to identify the operational features of 5G networks, including customer demands, key drive options, open issues, and future challenges.…”

A Novel Transceiver and an Asynchronous Mode for the Hybrid Multiple-Access HetNet Architecture

“…Even though asynchronous transfer has many drawbacks, such as timing error, bit reversal due to noise, and additional overhead due to the inclusion of extra bits to start and stop the transmission, it has the following benefits over synchronous transfer: the receiver and transmitter do not need to be 1 Radio resource blocks are described as a series of adjacent subcarriers in the frequency domain.…”

“…However, from the fourth generation (4G) to the fifth generation (5G), MA techniques have not evolved since 5G also relies on orthogonal techniques. The sixth generation (6G) of mobile networks will require a cutting-edge technology that enables the IMT-2030 vision to be achieved [1]. To create new research opportunities over the following few decades, it is now especially important to identify the operational features of 5G networks, including customer demands, key drive options, open issues, and future challenges.…”

Analysis of Carrier Aggregation as a Diversity Technique for Improved Spectral Efficiency and Secrecy Performance in Mobile Communications

“…In an increasingly connected world, where information flows at unprecedented speeds, the demand for seamless and lightning-fast mobile communications has become paramount. Mobile networks have evolved from being simple voice communication platforms to sophisticated data networks that can be employed to deliver a wide and heterogeneous range of services, from video streaming and online gaming to remote healthcare and autonomous vehicles [1][2][3][4][5]. Since the introduction of the first data services in mobile networks, the evolution of mobile communication technologies has been mainly characterised by an exponential growth in data-intensive applications and the emergence of transformative technologies for achieving higher data rates in mobile communication systems [6].…”