Enzymatic Biosensors

Karunakaran, C.; Thangamuthu, Madasamy; Sethy, Niroj Kumar

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803100-1.00003-7

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 161 publications

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“…The use of enzymes as catalytic systems exhibits favorable sensing at mild physiological conditions of temperature and pH. 36 Moreover, enzymes are highly specific by catalyzing only a particular catalytic reaction. This outstanding enzyme feature enables wearable electrochemical biosensors to function selectively in biological fluids.…”

Section: Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biorecognition elements

Lahcen

2022

Wearable Physical, Chemical and Biological Sensors

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Section: Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biorecognition elements

Lahcen

2022

Wearable Physical, Chemical and Biological Sensors

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“…A broad range of enzymes is available in nature for the detection of physiologically relevant molecules. Enzymes in biosensors exhibit changes in their activity upon interaction with the either analytes of interest or their associated cofactors . The activity of the enzyme is most often detected through electrochemical or optical measurements …”

Section: Proteins As Biorecognition Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolving Role of Proteins in Wearable Sweat Biosensors

Saldanha

Cai

Courchesne

2021

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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Sweat is an increasingly popular biological medium for fitness monitoring and clinical diagnostics. It contains an abundance of biological information and is available continuously and noninvasively. Sweat-sensing devices often employ proteins in various capacities to create skin-friendly matrices that accurately extract valuable and time-sensitive information from sweat. Proteins were first used in sensors as biorecognition elements in the form of enzymes and antibodies, which are now being tuned to operate at ranges relevant for sweat. In addition, a range of structural proteins, sometimes assembled in conjunction with polymers, can provide flexible and compatible matrices for skin sensors. Other proteins also naturally possess a range of functionalitiesas adhesives, charge conductors, fluorescence emitters, and power generatorsthat can make them useful components in wearable devices. Here, we examine the four main components of wearable sweat sensorsthe biorecognition element, the transducer, the scaffold, and the adhesive and the roles that proteins have played so far, or promise to play in the future, in each component. On a case-by-case basis, we analyze the performance characteristics of existing protein-based devices, their applicable ranges of detection, their transduction mechanism and their mechanical properties. Thereby, we review and compare proteins that can readily be used in sweat sensors and others that will require further efforts to overcome design, stability or scalability challenges. Incorporating proteins in one or multiple components of sweat sensors could lead to the development and deployment of tunable, greener, and safer biosourced devices.

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“…A sensor is a device containing a recognition element that interacts with an analyte, leading to a chemical or physical change, which a transducer converts into a detectable signal [5]. They can be classified into several categories based on the transduction process (electrochemical, optical, piezoelectric, and thermal sensors) or according to the receptor type (enzymatic biosensors, microbial, biosensors, genosensors, or immunosensors) [6]. There is current interest in the development of different sensing systems for biomedical and environmental applications.…”

Section: Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Trends in Nanoclay-Modified Sensors

et al. 2021

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Nanoclays are widespread materials characterized by a layered structure in the nano-scale range. They have multiple applications in diverse scientific and industrial areas, mainly due to their swelling capacity, cation exchange capacity, and plasticity. Due to the cation exchange capacity, nanoclays can serve as host matrices for the stabilization of several molecules and, thus, they can be used as sensors by incorporating electroactive ions, biomolecules as enzymes, or fluorescence probes. In this review, the most recent applications as bioanalyte sensors are addressed, focusing on two main detection systems: electrochemical and optical methods. Particularly, the application of electrochemical sensors with clay-modified electrodes (CLME) for pesticide detection is described. Moreover, recent advances of both electrochemical and optical sensors based on nanoclays for diverse bioanalytes’ detection such as glucose, H2O2, organic acids, proteins, or bacteria are also discussed. As it can be seen from this review, nanoclays can become a key factor in sensors’ development, creating an emerging technology for the detection of bioanalytes, with application in both environmental and biomedical fields.

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Enzymatic Biosensors

Cited by 22 publications

References 161 publications

Biorecognition elements

Biorecognition elements

The Evolving Role of Proteins in Wearable Sweat Biosensors

New Trends in Nanoclay-Modified Sensors

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