“…To assess the intensity of exercise under anaerobic metabolic conditions and prevent metabolic acidosis and fatigue from excessive exercise, lactate works as an essential biomarker among the numerous metabolites within the human body. , In recent years, numerous analytical techniques for lactate detection have been developed, such as fluorometry, colorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance, gas chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography. − However, the major challenges are complex lengthy pretreatment processes, high costs, and low efficiency . When compared to other techniques, the electrochemistry technique is the preffered method for sweat monitoring due to its ability to provide real-time analysis, potential for miniaturization, relatively high sensitivity, and rapid responsiveness .…”