Enzyme immobilization: what have we learned in the past five years?

Abstract

Immobilized enzymes have been widely applied in several fields over the past years, and the number of studies on the topic has been rapidly increasing. This review aimed to examine changes and trends in enzyme immobilization research during the past five years. Data were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection database and analyzed using VOSviewer © software. A discussion is presented on the most productive countries, most cited authors, leading publications, main areas of research and industrial applications of immobilized enzymes. China, the USA, India, Brazil and Spain hold the largest numbers of published articles on the topic, and the two main areas of study are chemistry and biotechnology applied microbiology. Trend analysis showed that laccases and lipases were the most commonly used enzymes, whereas nanoparticles and metal-organic frameworks were the most commonly used enzyme supports. The results highlight that immobilization is used to modify several enzyme properties, such as stability, recovery and specificity. Conclusions and future perspectives in the field are also addressed. It is believed that the development of new, low-cost supports and studies on the scale-up of processes using immobilized enzymes constitute future research trends.

Programming an Orthogonal Self-Assembling Protein Cascade Based on Reactive Peptide–Protein Pairs for In Vitro Enzymatic Trehalose Production

“…Different from AMY, excessive EutM scaffolds in the TreS immobilized system were not conducive to maltose conversion, which might be due to the improper attachment of the homooctameric enzyme to the scaffold. 42,43 A high proportion of SpyCatcher domains may therefore have prevented the correct localization of the substrate at the enzyme active center. If each monomer of the polymerase has a reactive tag, the irreversible conjugation to scaffolds might affect the spatial conformation of the enzyme, further changing the catalytic activity and stability of the immobilized enzyme.…”

Investigation of compatibility of lipase with commercial detergents, surfactants and oxidizing agent as a detergent additive

“…The catalytic activity, reusability, and resistance to various environmental conditions are increased as a result of the physical or chemical binding and capture of the enzyme to a waterinsoluble carrier with enzyme immobilization. 12, 13 As previously reported, significant advances in the properties of enzymes have been made by using a wide variety of immobilization techniques, recombinant DNA technique and protein engineering. Consequently, their potential for industrial adaptation has been increased.…”

Marine chitin upcycling with immobilized chitinolytic enzymes: current state and prospects

“…Useful background information on relevant properties of the four potential enzyme carrier materials and guidance how to use them for enzyme immobilization is provided in some fundamental review articles about the topic. [83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92] Here we offer a briefing for supportive entry level knowledge.…”