Enzyme Immobilized Nanoparticles Towards Biosensor Fabrication

Abstract

In recent times, nanomaterials with semiconductor properties are introduced as a potential transducer in biosensors, which can be credited to their intrinsic, elevated surface-to-volume proportion, enhanced sensitivity, and improved surface properties. The surface properties of nanomaterials have made them a significant transducer matrix towards the immobilization of bioreceptors, which eventually enhances the identification threshold and the biosensor sensing capability. Several nanomaterials, such as polymer, metal oxide, metal and carbon-based, as well as nanocomposites, are used towards transducer manufacturing, eventually being incorporated in the biosensors. The current chapter lays an outline with respect to biosensors that are fabricated with nanomaterials as a transducer, where enzymes acting as a bioreceptor, are immobilized on their surface. In addition, the biosensing mechanisms of the enzyme immobilized nanomaterials, their efficiency, detection limit, and sensitivity, are also discussed.