Enzyme-Induced Carbonate Precipitation (EICP)-Based methods for ecofriendly stabilization of different types of natural sands

Almajed, Abdullah; Abbas, Husain; Arab, Mohamed G.; Alsabhan, Abdullah H.; Hamid, Wagdi; Al-Salloum, Yousef

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122627

Cited by 81 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Li et al [31] pointed out that the phosphate group in casein and the carboxyl group on the Nterminus of β-casein are both SerP-SerP-SerP-X-SerP sequences, and calcium ions combine with casein and are salted out, resulting in aggregated casein precipitation that can be used as a center for calcium carbonate nucleation. In addition, scholars analyzed the influence of soil type [32][33][34][35], reaction environment [36,37], and reinforcement method [38] on the reinforcement effect [39][40][41][42] and established theoretical [43] or numerical models [44] to calculate the calcium carbonate precipitation mass during EICP reinforcement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of EICP Combined with Organic Materials for Silt Improvement in the Yellow River Flood Area

et al. 2020

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Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) is an emerging biogeotechnical technique that uses free urease to improve soil. Despite its advantages of eliminating complex microbial cultures and reducing reaction byproducts, its efficiency is considered lower than that of microbial induced calcite precipitation (MICP) due to the lack of nucleation sites that induce calcium carbonate deposition. To enhance the strengthening efficiency of EICP for fine-grained soils, an improved EICP method that involves adding an appropriate mass concentration of organic materials (skim milk powder, glutinous rice powder, and brown sugar) into urease solution was proposed and applied to reinforce silt in the Yellow River flood area of China. The preferred concentration and ratio of cementation solution and the optimum concentration of each of the organic materials were determined. Then, the reinforcement effect of the improved EICP at the optimum concentration was compared with the control group, and the reinforcement mechanism for this method was discussed. The results show that after the organic material inclusions, soil strength can be enhanced by 33% compared with EICP-treated soil and is nearly four times higher than that of untreated soil. The superiority of this method over traditional EICP and MICP mainly stems from its ability to provide templates and nucleation sites for calcium carbonate deposition and to improve the size, morphology, and structure of calcium carbonate crystals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of EICP Combined with Organic Materials for Silt Improvement in the Yellow River Flood Area

et al. 2020

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“…Existing numerical models should be continuously optimized, and new numerical models should be proposed. (8) Biological consolidation techniques mainly include the MICP method and another promising method, enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) [164,165]. MICP produces urease using urease-producing bacteria in the culture environment, but the cultural environment of urease-producing bacteria is complicated, and urease activity is difficult to control [80].…”

Section: Conclusion and Suggestions For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Review of Solidification of Sandy Soil by Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation (MICP)

et al. 2021

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Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is a promising technology for solidifying sandy soil, ground improvement, repairing concrete cracks, and remediation of polluted land. By solidifying sand into soil capable of growing shrubs, MICP can facilitate peak and neutralization of CO2 emissions because each square meter of shrub can absorb 253.1 grams of CO2 per year. In this paper, based on the critical review of the microbial sources of solidified sandy soil, models used to predict the process of sand solidification and factors controlling the MICP process, current problems in microbial sand solidification are analyzed and future research directions, ideas and suggestions for the further study and application of MICP are provided. The following topics are considered worthy of study: (1) MICP methods for evenly distributing CaCO3 deposit; (2) minimizing NH4+ production during MICP; (3) mixed fermentation and interaction of internal and exogenous urea-producing bacteria; (4) MICP technology for field application under harsh conditions; (5) a hybrid solidification method by combining MICP with traditional sand barrier and chemical sand consolidation; and (6) numerical model to simulate the erosion resistance of sand treated by MICP.

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“…The results showed higher strength and better carbonate distribution for treated Ottawa sand (20-30) (coarse sand) compared to (F-60) sand (finer sand). Rounded particles seem to support the carbonate precipitation to adhere to the contact point and this leads to a slight increase in carbonate content [108][109][110]. However, the effect of particle shape on the compressive strength of bio-cemented soils is debatable since untreated sand soils with angular particles would have higher shear strength parameters compared to soils with rounded particles.…”

Section: Main Factors Affect Eicp Treated Soil Properties 61 Effect Of Soil Particle Shape and Particle Size Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-Art Review of Enzyme-Induced Calcite Precipitation (EICP) for Ground Improvement: Applications and Prospects

et al. 2021

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The global construction industry consumes huge amounts of mined materials that are considered unsustainable for earth resources. In addition, Portland cement which is a key element in concrete and most construction materials is considered one of the main contributors to worldwide CO2 emissions. On the other hand, natural cemented soil deposits are examples of sustainable structures that have survived decades of severe environmental conditions. Mimicking these natural biological systems provide an alternative to the current practices of construction materials production. Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) is a bio-inspired technique based on the precipitation of calcium carbonate for enhancing the geo-mechanical properties of soils. In this technique, calcium carbonate acts as a cementitious agent that binds the soil particles together at the points of contact, hence, increasing the strength and stiffness of treated soils, while relatively reducing the soil permeability and porosity. The achieved enhancements make EICP useful for applications such as ground improvement, construction materials, and erosion control over traditional binders. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of EICP for ground improvement including the fundamental basics of EICP treatment. The paper also discusses the chemical and physical factors affecting the performance of EICP such as enzyme source, enzyme activity and solution constitutes. Moreover, the paper reviews the different methods and testing techniques used in the application of EICP for soil treatment. Furthermore, the paper compares EICP with other biomineralization techniques in terms of performance and applicability on ground improvement. Finally, the paper discusses the research gaps and existing challenges concerning the commercialization and large-scale implementation of the technology.

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Enzyme-Induced Carbonate Precipitation (EICP)-Based methods for ecofriendly stabilization of different types of natural sands

Cited by 81 publications

References 24 publications

Experimental Study of EICP Combined with Organic Materials for Silt Improvement in the Yellow River Flood Area

Experimental Study of EICP Combined with Organic Materials for Silt Improvement in the Yellow River Flood Area

Critical Review of Solidification of Sandy Soil by Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation (MICP)

State-of-the-Art Review of Enzyme-Induced Calcite Precipitation (EICP) for Ground Improvement: Applications and Prospects

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