Eocene and Oligocene Floras and Vegetation of the Rocky Mountains

Wing, Scott L.

doi:10.2307/2399449

Cited by 114 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…Two-to threefold higher estimates are found throughout Beilstein et al (2010), which consequently provides a higher estimate for the Brassicaceae crown group radiation at 54 mya and contradicts the recently published, major angiospermwide data set (Magallón et al, 2015). The most likely explanation for this major incongruence is a fossil (Thlaspi primaerum; Becker, 1961;Wing, 1987) used to constrain the stem age of tribe Thlaspideae at ;30 mya (Beilstein et al, 2010). The argument for using this fossil to set a minimum age for Thlaspideae is weak for various reasons.…”

Section: Brassicaceae Species Radiation and Paleoenvironmentmentioning

confidence: 85%

A Time-Calibrated Road Map of Brassicaceae Species Radiation and Evolutionary History

et al. 2015

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The Brassicaceae include several major crop plants and numerous important model species in comparative evolutionary research such as Arabidopsis, Brassica, Boechera, Thellungiella, and Arabis species. As any evolutionary hypothesis needs to be placed in a temporal context, reliably dated major splits within the evolution of Brassicaceae are essential. We present a comprehensive time-calibrated framework with important divergence time estimates based on whole-chloroplast sequence data for 29 Brassicaceae species. Diversification of the Brassicaceae crown group started at the Eocene-to-Oligocene transition. Subsequent major evolutionary splits are dated to ;20 million years ago, coinciding with the Oligocene-toMiocene transition, with increasing drought and aridity and transient glaciation events. The age of the Arabidopsis thaliana crown group is 6 million years ago, at the Miocene and Pliocene border. The overall species richness of the family is well explained by high levels of neopolyploidy (43% in total), but this trend is neither directly associated with an increase in genome size nor is there a general lineage-specific constraint. Our results highlight polyploidization as an important source for generating new evolutionary lineages adapted to changing environments. We conclude that species radiation, paralleled by high levels of neopolyploidization, follows genome size decrease, stabilization, and genetic diploidization.

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Section: Brassicaceae Species Radiation and Paleoenvironmentmentioning

confidence: 85%

A Time-Calibrated Road Map of Brassicaceae Species Radiation and Evolutionary History

et al. 2015

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“…(1) The primary calibration was based on an Oligocene fruit fossil ( Thlaspi primaevum ), which was assigned to the tribe Thlaspideae ( Manchester and O ' Leary, 2010 ). This fossil, dated at 29.2 − 30.8 Ma ( Wing, 1987 ), has been recently used for age estimates of the Brassicales ( Beilstein et al, 2010 ). (2) Secondary calibration used the estimated age of the most recent common ancestor of the tribe Arabideae (mean age 16.8 Myr) as shown by Couvreur et al (2009) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematics and evolution of arctic‐alpine Arabis alpina (Brassicaceae) and its closest relatives in the eastern Mediterranean

Karl

Kiefer

Ansell

et al. 2012

American J of Botany

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• Premise of the study: The high mountains in southern Anatolia and the eastern Mediterranean are assumed to play a major role as a primary center of genetic diversity and species richness in Eurasia. We tested this hypothesis by focusing on the widespread perennial arctic-alpine Arabis alpina and its sympatrically distributed closest relatives in the eastern Mediterranean.• Methods: Plastid ( trnL intron, trnL-F intergenic spacer) and nuclear (ITS) DNA sequence analysis was used for phylogenetic reconstruction. Broad-scale plastid haplotype analyses were conducted to infer ancestral biogeographic patterns.• Key results: Five Arabis species, identifi ed from the eastern Mediterranean (Turkey mainland and Cyprus), evolved directly and independently from A . alpina , leaving Arabis alpina as a paraphyletic taxon. These species are not affected by hybridization or introgression, and species divergence took place at the diploid level during the Pleistocene.• Conclusions: Pleistocene climate fl uctuations produced local altitudinal range-shifts among mountain glacial survival areas, resulting not only in the accumulation of intraspecifi c genotype diversity but also in the formation of fi ve local species. We also show that the closest sister group of Arabis alpina consists exclusively of annuals/winter annuals and diverged prior to Pleistocene climatic fl uctuations during the colonization of the lowland Mediterranean landscape. These fi ndings highlight that Anatolia is not only a center of species richness but also a center for life-history diversifi cation.

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“…The best known and most diverse of the Okanogan Highlands floras is from a series of localities in and near Republic, Washington, in the Klondike Mountain Formation (Wing 1987, K. Johnson 1996. First considered a primarily conifer-dominated flora (Wolfe & Wehr 1987, Schorn & Wehr 1996, Wolfe & Wehr (1987) named 24 dicots (exclusive of Ulmaceae) from Republic.…”

Section: The Okanogan Highlandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These sites are typically referred to as tropical rainforests with MATs of 24-27°C (or around 20°C with CLAMP; see Graham 1999). In contrast, late Eocene floras to the east of north/south trending mountains include the Thunder Mountain flora of central Idaho (Axelrod 1998) and the Copper Basin flora of northeastern Nevada (Axelrod 1966b, Wing 1987 …”

Section: Late Eocene Floras In the Pacific Northwestmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Floristic composition and comparison of middle Eocene to late Eocene and Oligocene floras in North America

DeVore¹,

Pigg²

2010

Bull. Geosci.

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In comparison to the early and middle Eocene, the late Eocene and particularly the Oligocene floral record is sparse in North America. Changing tectonic, environmental and climatic conditions during these times resulted in the development of fewer depositional systems favorable for fossil preservation. Floras are known from the Southeast, the Pacific Northwest and the Rocky Mountains. Each area has a distinct geological history that shaped both the vegetation adjacent to sites of deposition as well as the depositional environments themselves. The floristic change from middle to late Eocene, and then to Oligocene reflects a changing paleoclimate from the thermal maximum to cooler and drier conditions in the late Paleogene. In the present paper, major middle, and then late Eocene and finally Oligocene floras of North America are summarized, with an emphasis on their regional geology, depositional setting, paleoclimate and significant floral elements. The North American occurrences of coryphoid palms (Sabal) and cycads are reviewed in relationship to their biogeographic history. Finally, we suggest several directions for future research that will further illuminate the floristic changes from middle, to late Eocene and Oligocene that occurred in North America.•

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Eocene and Oligocene Floras and Vegetation of the Rocky Mountains

Cited by 114 publications

References 152 publications

A Time-Calibrated Road Map of Brassicaceae Species Radiation and Evolutionary History

A Time-Calibrated Road Map of Brassicaceae Species Radiation and Evolutionary History

Systematics and evolution of arctic‐alpine Arabis alpina (Brassicaceae) and its closest relatives in the eastern Mediterranean

Floristic composition and comparison of middle Eocene to late Eocene and Oligocene floras in North America

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