EPF as a Marker for Early Embryonic Losses in Repeat Breeders.

Yamazaki, Satoru; Kawahata, Kyoko; Goto, Taichi; Takahashi, Jutaro; Yasuda, Yasuhisa

doi:10.1262/jrd.41.129

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The reported and extraordinary properties of EPF include: Early appearance (within hours) after mating or insemination Rapid disappearance following induced death or removal of the embryos [105,106]. These factors suggest that EPF may be the most useful tool for investigating early embryonic survival or failure [106][107][108]. According to Laleh et al [109], the rosette inhibition test (RIT) has the potential to distinguish pregnant from non-pregnant dairy cows in the first week of pregnancy.…”

Section: Early Pregnancy Factor (Epf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Possibilities for the Diagnosis of Early Pregnancy and Embryonic Mortality in Dairy Cows

Szenci

2021

Animals

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One of the most recent techniques for the on-farm diagnosis of early pregnancy (EP) in cattle is B-mode ultrasonography. Under field conditions, acceptable results may be achieved with ultrasonography from Days 25 to 30 post-AI. The reliability of the test greatly depends on the frequency of the transducer used, the skill of the examiner, the criterion used for a positive pregnancy diagnosis (PD), and the position of the uterus in the pelvic inlet. Non-pregnant animals can be selected accurately by evaluating blood flow in the corpus luteum around Day 20 after AI, meaning we can substantially improve the reproductive efficiency of our herd. Pregnancy protein assays (PSPB, PAG-1, and PSP60 RIA, commercial ELISA or rapid visual ELISA tests) may provide an alternative method to ultrasonography for determining early pregnancy or late embryonic/early fetal mortality (LEM/EFM) in dairy cows. Although the early pregnancy factor is the earliest specific indicator of fertilization, at present, its detection is entirely dependent on the use of the rosette inhibition test; therefore, its use in the field needs further developments. Recently found biomarkers like interferon-tau stimulated genes or microRNAs may help us diagnose early pregnancy in dairy cows; however, these tests need further developments before their general use in the farms becomes possible.

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Section: Early Pregnancy Factor (Epf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Possibilities for the Diagnosis of Early Pregnancy and Embryonic Mortality in Dairy Cows

Szenci

2021

Animals

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“…In spite of the cumbersome nature of the assay, many groups have used it in a research capacity for specific investigations. Results have shown that EPF is present in serum of all species tested including mice, 8 humans, 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 sheep, 75 pigs, 61 , 76 cattle 77 , 78 and red deer 79 . A diagrammatic representation of the assay is shown in Cavanagh and Morton 80…”

Section: The Rosette Inhibition Test the Bioassay For Early Pregnancmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early pregnancy factor: An extracellular chaperonin 10 homologue

Morton

1998

Immunol Cell Biol

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Summary Early pregnancy factor (EPF) has been identi®ed as a homologue of chaperonin 10 (cpn10) with immunosuppressive and growth factor properties. As a homologue of cpn10, it belongs to the heat shock family of proteins (hsp) but, unlike other members of this family, EPF is detected extracellularly. Early pregnancy factor was ®rst discovered in pregnancy serum by the rosette inhibition test, and the novelty of its discovery was that its presence could diagnose pregnancy within 6±24 h of a fertile mating. As well as being a monitor of the presence of a viable embryo, it is necessary for embryonic survival. In this capacity it acts as both an immunosuppressant and growth factor. Early pregnancy factor is also a product of proliferating primary and neoplastic cells and functions as an autocrine growth factor both in vivo and in vitro. It has a modifying e ect on the outcome of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Early pregnancy factor is considered to be one of the major factors involved in the modi®cation of multiple sclerosis observed during pregnancy.

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“…These factors suggest that EPF may be the most useful tool for investigating early embryonic survival or failure [44][45][46]. At present, the detection of EPF is entirely dependent on the use of the RIT (rosette inhibition test) which is a biological test therefore it is not practical.…”

Section: Early Pregnancy Factor (Epf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Possibilities for the Diagnosis and Pharmacological Control of Pregnancy Loss in Dairy Cow

Szenci¹

2015

JLS

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Abstract:One of the most recent techniques for the diagnosis of EP (early pregnancy) in cattle on the farm is B-mode ultrasonography. Under field conditions, acceptable results may be achieved with ultrasonography from days 25 to 30 post-AI. The reliability of the test greatly depends on the frequency of the transducer used, the skill of the examiner, the criterion used for a positive PD (pregnancy diagnosis) and the position of the uterus in the pelvic inlet. Pregnancy protein assays (PAG, PSPB) may provide an alternative method to ultrasonography for determining EP or LEM/EFM (late embryonic/early foetal mortality) in the cow. Although early pregnancy factor is the earliest specific indicator for fertilization, its detection is entirely dependend on the use of the RIT (rosette inhibition test), therefore its use in the field needs further inventions. Preventive pharmaceutical treatments with hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin), GnRH (gonadotropin realising hormone), PRID (progesterone-releasing intravaginal device) or CIDR (controlled internal drug release) inserts at different time periods at or post-AI may have some benefit in decreasing PL (pregnancy loss), however further examinations are warranted to determine how and when these treatments may influence PL in the field.

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EPF as a Marker for Early Embryonic Losses in Repeat Breeders.

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

Recent Possibilities for the Diagnosis of Early Pregnancy and Embryonic Mortality in Dairy Cows

Recent Possibilities for the Diagnosis of Early Pregnancy and Embryonic Mortality in Dairy Cows

Early pregnancy factor: An extracellular chaperonin 10 homologue

Recent Possibilities for the Diagnosis and Pharmacological Control of Pregnancy Loss in Dairy Cow

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