Eph receptors and ephrin class B ligands are expressed at tissue boundaries in Hydra vulgaris

Tischer, Susanne; Reineck, Mona; Söding, Johannes; Münder, Sandra; Böttger, Angelika

doi:10.1387/ijdb.130158ab

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In vertebrates, ephrins are ligands for ephrin receptors (Ephs) and binding can activate intracellular signal pathways involved in a variety of cellular functions, including differentiation, migration, segmentation, and endocytosis (Kullander and Klein, 2002 ; Pitulescu and Adams, 2010 ). In cnidarian, ephrins, and Ephs in Hydra vulgaris belonged to type B (Tischer et al, 2013 ). Furthermore, ephrin ligands and receptors were strongly expressed on endoderm of tentacles and buds, suggesting ephrin-Eph signaling might have roles in cell adhesion and tissue boundary formation in H. vularis (Tischer et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In cnidarian, ephrins, and Ephs in Hydra vulgaris belonged to type B (Tischer et al, 2013 ). Furthermore, ephrin ligands and receptors were strongly expressed on endoderm of tentacles and buds, suggesting ephrin-Eph signaling might have roles in cell adhesion and tissue boundary formation in H. vularis (Tischer et al, 2013 ). Ephrin-Eph signaling in corals has never been discussed; however, ephrin/Eph receptor genes were present in the genome of A. digitifera and the ephrin ligand gene was differentially expressed in A. palmata larvae (Polato et al, 2013 ), indicating that ephrin-Eph signaling could have roles in corals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genomic Insight into the Host–Endosymbiont Relationship of Endozoicomonas montiporae CL-33T with its Coral Host

et al. 2016

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The bacterial genus Endozoicomonas was commonly detected in healthy corals in many coral-associated bacteria studies in the past decade. Although, it is likely to be a core member of coral microbiota, little is known about its ecological roles. To decipher potential interactions between bacteria and their coral hosts, we sequenced and investigated the first culturable endozoicomonal bacterium from coral, the E. montiporae CL-33T. Its genome had potential sign of ongoing genome erosion and gene exchange with its host. Testosterone degradation and type III secretion system are commonly present in Endozoicomonas and may have roles to recognize and deliver effectors to their hosts. Moreover, genes of eukaryotic ephrin ligand B2 are present in its genome; presumably, this bacterium could move into coral cells via endocytosis after binding to coral's Eph receptors. In addition, 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine triphosphatase and isocitrate lyase are possible type III secretion effectors that might help coral to prevent mitochondrial dysfunction and promote gluconeogenesis, especially under stress conditions. Based on all these findings, we inferred that E. montiporae was a facultative endosymbiont that can recognize, translocate, communicate and modulate its coral host.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Insight into the Host–Endosymbiont Relationship of Endozoicomonas montiporae CL-33T with its Coral Host

et al. 2016

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“…Invertebrate ephrin-A orthologues appear to be limited to urochordates (Fig. 4c and Additional file 1: Figure S6), consistent with ephrin-B being more evolutionarily ancient [43]. There appears to be two large lineage-specific expansions of ephrins in cnidarians, which encompass two and three anthozoan- and hydrozoan-distinct clades of ephrins, respectively (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 55%

The first identification of complete Eph-ephrin signalling in ctenophores and sponges reveals a role for neofunctionalization in the emergence of signalling domains

Krishnan

Degnan

2019

BMC Evol Biol

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Background Animals have a greater diversity of signalling pathways than their unicellular relatives, consistent with the evolution and expansion of these pathways occurring in parallel with the origin of animal multicellularity. However, the genomes of sponges and ctenophores – non-bilaterian basal animals – typically encode no, or far fewer, recognisable signalling ligands compared to bilaterians and cnidarians. For instance, the largest subclass of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in bilaterians, the Eph receptors (Ephs), are present in sponges and ctenophores, but their cognate ligands, the ephrins, have not yet been detected. Results Here, we use an iterative HMM analysis to identify for the first time membrane-bound ephrins in sponges and ctenophores. We also expand the number of Eph-receptor subtypes identified in these animals and in cnidarians. Both sequence and structural analyses are consistent with the Eph ligand binding domain (LBD) and the ephrin receptor binding domain (RBD) having evolved via the co-option of ancient galactose-binding (discoidin-domain)-like and monodomain cupredoxin domains, respectively. Although we did not detect a complete Eph-ephrin signalling pathway in closely-related unicellular holozoans or in other non-metazoan eukaryotes, truncated proteins with Eph receptor LBDs and ephrin RBDs are present in some choanoflagellates. Together, these results indicate that Eph-ephrin signalling was present in the last common ancestor of extant metazoans, and perhaps even in the last common ancestor of animals and choanoflagellates. Either scenario pushes the origin of Eph-ephrin signalling back much earlier than previously reported. Conclusions We propose that the Eph-LBD and ephrin-RBD, which were ancestrally localised in the cytosol, became linked to the extracellular parts of two cell surface proteins before the divergence of sponges and ctenophores from the rest of the animal kingdom. The ephrin-RBD lost the ancestral capacity to bind copper, and the Eph-LBD became linked to an ancient RTK. The identification of divergent ephrin ligands in sponges and ctenophores suggests that these ligands evolve faster than their cognate receptors. As this may be a general phenomena, we propose that the sequence-structure approach used in this study may be usefully applied to other signalling systems where no, or a small number of, ligands have been identified. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-019-1418-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…The TGFꞵ superfamily of signaling pathway has also been reported to be crucial for Hydra developmental signaling such as during tentacle formation, foot formation, symmetry breaking (Reinhardt et al, 2004;Rentzsch et al, 2007;Watanabe et al, 2014). Members of the RTK family of signaling pathways -VEGF, FGF and Ephrin have been shown to be crucial for regeneration in Hydra (Tischer et al, 2013;Krishnapati and Ghaskadbi, 2014). NF-B has been reported to be important for early regenerative time points in Hydra (Franzenburg et al, 2012;Wenger et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hippo pathway transcriptional co-activator YAP is involved in head regeneration and bud development inHydra

Unni

Reddy

Galande

2021

Preprint

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The Hippo signaling pathway has been shown to be involved in the regulation of cellular identity, cell/tissue size maintenance and mechanotransduction. The Hippo pathway consists of a kinase cascade which determines the nucleo-cytoplasmic localization of YAP in the cell. YAP is the effector protein in the Hippo pathway which acts as a transcriptional cofactor for TEAD. Phosphorylation of YAP upon activation of the Hippo pathway prevents it from entering the nucleus and hence abrogates its function in transcription of target genes. In Cnidaria, the information on the regulatory roles of the Hippo pathway is virtually lacking. Here, we report for the first time the existence of a complete set of Hippo pathway core components in Hydra. By studying their phylogeny and domain organization, we report evolutionary conservation of the components of the Hippo pathway. Protein modelling suggested conservation of YAP-TEAD interaction in Hydra. We also characterized the expression pattern of the homologs of yap, hippo, mob and sav in Hydra using whole mount RNA in situ hybridization and report their possible role in stem cell maintenance. Immunofluorescence assay revealed that Hvul_YAP expressing cells occur in clusters in the body column and are excluded in the terminally differentiated regions. The YAP expressing cells are recruited early during head regeneration and budding implicating the Hippo pathway in early response to injury or establishment of oral fate. These cells exhibit a non-clustered existence at the site of regeneration and budding, indicating the involvement of a new population of YAP expressing cells during oral fate specification. Collectively, we posit that the Hippo pathway is an important signaling system in Hydra, its components are ubiquitously expressed in the Hydra body column, and may play crucial role in Hydra oral fate specification.

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Eph receptors and ephrin class B ligands are expressed at tissue boundaries in Hydra vulgaris

Cited by 13 publications

References 26 publications

Genomic Insight into the Host–Endosymbiont Relationship of Endozoicomonas montiporae CL-33T with its Coral Host

Genomic Insight into the Host–Endosymbiont Relationship of Endozoicomonas montiporae CL-33T with its Coral Host

The first identification of complete Eph-ephrin signalling in ctenophores and sponges reveals a role for neofunctionalization in the emergence of signalling domains

The Hippo pathway transcriptional co-activator YAP is involved in head regeneration and bud development inHydra

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