Epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory findings of the COVID-19 in the current pandemic: systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the world deeply, with more than 14,000,000 people infected and nearly 600,000 deaths. This review aimed to summarize the epidemiologic traits, clinical spectrum, CT results and laboratory findings of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We scoped for relevant literatures published during 1st December 2019 to 16th July 2020 based on three databases using English and Chinese languages. We reviewed and analyzed the relevant outcomes. Results: The COVID-19 pandemic was found to have a higher transmission rate compared to SARS and MERS and involved 4 stages of evolution. The basic reproduction number (R 0) is 3.32 (95% CI:3.24-3.39), the incubation period was 5.24 days (95% CI:3.97-6.50, 5 studies) on average, and the average time for symptoms onset varied by countries. Common clinical spectrums identified included fever (38.1-39.0°C), cough and fatigue, with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) being the most common complication reported. Body temperatures above 39.0°C, dyspnea, and anorexia were more common symptoms in severe patients. Aged over 65 years old, having co-morbidities, and developing complications were the commonest high-risk factors associated with severe conditions. Leucopenia and lymphopenia were the most common signs of infection while liver and kidney damage were rare but may cause bad outcomes for patients. The bilateral, multifocal Ground-Glass Opacification (GGO) on peripheral, and the consolidative pulmonary opacity were the most frequent CT results and the tendency of mortality rates differed by region. Conclusions: We provided a bird's-eye view of the COVID-19 during the current pandemic, which will help better understanding the key traits of the disease. The findings could be used for disease's future research, control and prevention.

Clinical Characteristics, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Major Coronavirus Outbreaks

“…A systematic review and pooled analysis of 45 studies showed that fever (81.2%), cough (62.9%), loss of appetite (33.7%), shortness of breath (26.9%), loss of taste (25.4%), and sputum production (24.2%) were common symptoms reported by patients (25). Another systematic review and meta-analysis showed that fever (76.70%), cough (67.76%), olfactory (44.40%), gustatory (38.16%), dyspnea (37.49%), fatigue (29.93%), sputum production (17.85%), sore throat (16.7%), and headache (15.49%) were common symptoms observed in COVID-19 patients (26). The prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms like diarrhea (9.1%), nausea/vomiting (5.2%), and abdominal pain (3.5%) were reported in COVID-19 positive patients (27).…”

“…The prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms like diarrhea (9.1%), nausea/vomiting (5.2%), and abdominal pain (3.5%) were reported in COVID-19 positive patients (27). ARDS, acute respiratory failure, arrhythmias, septic shock, acute cardiac injury, cardiomyopathy, acute renal failure are common complications observed in these patients (25,26). The primary transmission route is respiratory droplets, but there are reports of transmission via fomites or fecal-oral route have been seen (7,21).…”

Assistência de enfermagem aos casos leves da COVID-19

“…Na Tabela 1 localizam-se as informações referentes ao país, período de publicação (mês e ano), título e manifestações clínicas mais prevalentes dos estudos selecionados. Ghayda et al, 2020;Sun et al, 2020), e acometimento respiratório, a exemplo da tosse não produtiva, dispneia, hemoptise (Grant et al, 2020;Rodriguez-Morales et al, 2020;Xie et al, 2020). Além destes, foram observadas manifestações relacionados ao sistema nervoso, como a dor de cabeça, anosmia, ageusia, assim como os presentes no sistema gastrintestinal, tendo em vista, diarreia, náuseas e vômitos (Bitencourt et al, 2020;Manabe et al, 2020;Queiroz et al, 2020).…”

Populational Level Driving Force of COVID-19 Epidemic and Fatality: A Global Analysis

“…Countries with over 1,000 and over 10,000 COVID-19 cases until 19th Sep 2020 were included for analysis separately. According to previous researches [1,[8][9][10][11][12][13], we included 21 measures subjected to 4 types in this study: population, medical capacity, national health structure, and prevalence of the underlying disease. Data in this study were obtained from the World Health Organization (WHO), World Bank and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) [14][15][16] (Supplement 1, 2).…”

“…Previous studies indicated that age and co-morbidities were key risk factors for the incidence and fatality of the COVID-19 pandemic [3][4][5][6][7]. Meanwhile, other risk factors might also include the urbanisation, medical capacities, public health measures adopted and the prevalence of underlying diseases [8][9][10][11][12]. However, limited numbers of studies explored these risk factors of the incidence and fatality rate of the COVID-19 pandemic at a population level.…”