Epidemiologic relationship between periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Objectives: To systematically review the epidemiologic relationship between periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Materials and Methods: Four electronic databases were searched up until December 2018. The manual search included the reference lists of the included studies and relevant journals. Observational studies evaluating the relationship between T2DM and periodontitis were included. Meta-analyses were conducted using STATA.Results: A total of 53 observational studies were included. The Adjusted T2DM prevalence was significantly higher in periodontitis patients (OR=4.04, p=0.000), and vice versa (OR=1.58, p=0.000). T2DM patients had significantly worse periodontal status, as reflected in a 0.61 mm deeper periodontal pocket, a 0.89 mm higher attachment loss and approximately 2 more lost teeth (all p=0.000), than those without T2DM. The results of the cohort studies found that T2DM could elevate the risk of developing periodontitis by 34% (p=0.002). The glycemic control of T2DM patients might result in different periodontitis outcomes. Severe periodontitis increased the incidence of T2DM by 53% (p=0.000), and this result was stable. In contrast, the impact of mild periodontitis on T2DM incidence (RR=1.28, p=0.007) was less robust.Conclusions: There is an evident bidirectional relationship between T2DM and periodontitis. Further well-designed cohort studies are needed to confirm this finding.Clinical Relevance: Both dentists and physicians need to be aware of the strong connection between periodontitis and T2DM. Controlling these two diseases might help prevent each other’s incidence.

Effect of Fat Content on Rice Taste Quality through Transcriptome Analysis

“…Notably, the materials with a higher lipid content tended to exhibit improved taste quality, and factors such as rice palatability, glossiness, and aroma were notably enhanced in rice grains with higher lipid content. Consequently, elevating lipid content could significantly improve rice fragrance and overall quality, aligning with the findings of previous research [4,6,13,46,47].…”

“…Fat is one of the three major nutrients, despite its low content. And, rice primarily consists of high-quality unsaturated fatty acids that contribute to its nutritional value [4,5]. Additionally, fat content could significantly impact the taste and nutritional quality of rice [6,7].…”

Influence of Oral Health on Frailty in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Aged 75 Years or Older

“…These results indicate that as frailty progresses, the impact of oral health on frailty increases and the effects of BMI and DASC-8 show a relative decrease. Previous studies showed there is an interaction between diabetes and oral health [7,9], and the impact of oral health on frailty may be stronger with older age. The fact that duration of diabetes had a signi cant in uence on the OFI-8 score in this study supports this speculation.…”

“…Izuora et al reported that in diabetic patients averaged 58.9 years old, only 6.4% had their original 32 teeth and 15.3% had lost all of their teeth [8]. As periodontal disease progresses, it leads to tooth loss, and the prevalence of periodontal disease is higher in diabetics than in the general population [9]. Periodontal disease also causes systemic in ammation and adversely affects diabetes through insulin resistance [10].…”

Current Perspectives of Periodontal Disease (PD) and Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

“…PD has been recognized as the 6 th common diabetic complication. Between periodontitis and type 2 DM (T2DM), consistent evidence has been present as a dual directionality [3]. Various clinical problems are caused in diabetic patients with PD [4].…”