Epidemiological characteristics of 561 cases of intracerebral hemorrhage in Chengdu, China

Abstract

To explore the epidemiology of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) in Chengdu, China, we retrieved the data of patients with spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College from January 2017 to December 2019. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the location of hemorrhage, demographics, factors of hemorrhage, condition of body, severity of disturbance of consciousness, treatment, length of stay (days), inpatient costs, prognosis, and mortality rate in patients with sICH. In total, data of 561 in patients with sICH were included. The hemorrhage site was primarily located in the basal ganglia and thalamus (64.71%). The mean patient age was 63.2 ± 12.4 years (64.17% men, 35.83% women). Male patients (mean age 62.3 ± 12.5 year) were younger than female patients (mean age 64.9 ± 12.1 year). The age of sICH onset in our sample was between 40 and 79 years; this occurred in 87.70% of the included cases. There were more males than females, which may be related to more daily smoking, longer drinking years, and overweight in males than in females. Cases occurred most frequently during the winter and spring months, and the relationship between sICH visits and hospitalizations appeared as a U-shape. The median time from illness onset to hospital admission was 3.0 hours. According to the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score at admission, 20.50% of sICH cases were of mild intensity, 39.93% were moderate, and 39.57% were severe. Moderate disorder is the most common sICH severity. Factors influencing the disturbance of consciousness were blood glucose level at the time of admission as well as the number of years with hypertension. The lower the degree of disturbance of consciousness and the more they smoked per day indicated they had a higher likelihood of receiving surgical treatment while in hospital. The median hospital stay was 13.0 days, while the median inpatient cost was USD 3609. The 30-day mortality rate was 18.36%. sICH is an important public health problem in Chengdu, China. A governmental initiative is urgently needed to establish a sICH monitoring system that covers the Chengdu region to develop more effective and targeted measures for sICH prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation.

Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on outcomes in intracerebral hemorrhage

“…Functional outcome data were not available in the CA_SID. There is some data to suggest that ICH rates and outcomes may vary between seasons [ 19 ]. As our pre-pandemic and pandemic groups do not correspond to identical seasons during the time periods included, differences in ICH rates and outcomes due to seasonal variations cannot be accounted for.…”

Association of lactate-to-albumin ratio with in-hospital and intensive care unit mortality in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage

“…Patients aged 56-75 (median: 65) years were categorized into the high-risk group. Previous studies (29,30) have also indicated that patients with ICH tend to be younger, and the incidence of ICH is twice as high in males as in females. Several studies have attributed these findings to the higher frequency of alcohol consumption, longer duration of smoking, and greater weight of men than women (29)(30)(31).…”

“…Previous studies (29,30) have also indicated that patients with ICH tend to be younger, and the incidence of ICH is twice as high in males as in females. Several studies have attributed these findings to the higher frequency of alcohol consumption, longer duration of smoking, and greater weight of men than women (29)(30)(31). Additionally, hypertension, diabetes, and a previous history of stroke were significant risk factors in ICH patients.…”

Management of oral anticoagulant therapy after intracranial hemorrhage in patients with atrial fibrillation

“…It has also been associated with overweight, tobacco use, and alcohol assumption. Besides, male patients with ICH are younger than female patients ( 28 ).…”