Epidemiological, clinical and pathological features of canine parvovirus 2c infection in dogs from southern Brazil

Abstract

Canine parvovirus type 2c (CPV-2c) emerged in Europe in the early 2000’s and rapidly spread out worldwide. Clinical and molecular data have demonstrated its circulation in Brazilian dogs, yet detailed descriptions of cases are still lacking. This article describes the epidemiological, clinical and pathological features of 24 cases of CPV-2c-associated disease in dogs submitted to veterinary clinics and laboratory diagnosis in southern Brazil (2014-2016). Most affected dogs presented signs/lesions suggestive of parvovirus enteritis: diarrhea, vomiting, hyperemia and hemorrhage of the serous membrane of the small intestine, diffuse segmental granulation, atrophy of the villi, necrosis and fusion of crypts, squamous metaplasia and epithelial syncytia. A number of cases presented features divergent from the classical presentations, including a wide variation in the color of feces (reddish and/or yellowish, light-brownish, orange-brown and brownish), involvement of adults (4/24) and vaccinated dogs (12/24), extensive involvement of the small intestine (8/20) and the presence of pulmonary edema (7/24) and convulsions (3/24). Feces and intestinal fragments submitted to PCR for the CPV-2 VP2 gene and to virus isolation in cell culture yielded positive results in 100% and 58.3% (14/24) of the cases, respectively. Nucleotide sequencing revealed a high nucleotide identity in VP2 (99.4 to 100%) and a consistent mutation at amino acid 426 (asparagine to glutamic acid), considered a signature of CPV-2c. These results confirm the involvement of CPV-2c in the described cases and demonstrate the importance of CPV-2c infection among Brazilian dogs, calling attention of veterinarians to correctly diagnose the disease, mainly considering the frequent atypical presentations.

Circulation of canine parvovirus among dogs living in human-wildlife interface in the Atlantic forest biome, Brazil

“…Although CVP-2c has been detected in several Brazilian regions, this is the first description of its circulation in rural/wild areas representing human/wildlife interfaces ( Costa et al, 2005 ; Streek et al, 2009 ; Castro et al, 2010 ; Fontana et al, 2013 ; Oliveira et al, 2017 ). Despite of the availability and use of several commercial vaccines, viral enteritis − including that associated with CPV infection − remains an important problem for Brazilian dogs ( Oliveira et al, 2017 ). In addition, our study showed that CPV isolation is feasible when faeces are processed shortly after collection.…”

“…Sequence analysis showed that 90.2% of the samples carried the amino acid (aa) Glu at the position 426, characteristic of CPV-2c strains, and 65% of these CPV-2c strains showed the substitution. Despite of the fact that CPV-2c was first described in South America in 2007, the high prevalence of CPV-2c strains in Brazil continues nowadays ( Pérez et al, 2007 ; Streek et al, 2009 ; Calderón et al, 2015 ; Fontana et al, 2013 ; Oliveira et al, 2017 ). Out of the 67 positive samples, 10% were identified as CPV-2a (KP694304) and 7% CPV-2b (KP694306) ( Fig.…”

“…Molecular and epidemiological data indicate that the newest type, CPV-2c, is becoming prevalent in several geographic areas and is often associated with severe disease in adult dogs, including those with complete vaccination record ( Decaro and Buonavoglia, 2012 ). In Brazil, the CPV-2c variant has already been described, especially in southern Brazil ( Costa et al, 2005 ; Castro et al, 2010 ; Oliveira et al, 2017 ).…”

Pathomorphological changes of the stomach and intestinum crassum in the intestinal form of parvoviral enteritis in dogs

“…Враховуючи те що у більшості з доступних нам літературних джерелах наводиться вичерпна інформація щодо виражених патолого-анатомічні змін у шлунково-кишковому тракті (при кишковій формі), а головним чином у тонкому відділі кишечнику (Geetha, 2015;Mylonakis et al, 2016;D'Oliveira et al, 2018), нами була проведена робота щодо вивчення патоморфологічних особливостей впливу парвовірусу на шлунок та товстий відділ кишечнику собак, тому вважаємо, що дана інформація є актуальною і необхідною як для практикуючих лікарів ветеринарної медицини, так і для науковців.…”

Isolation and genome characterization of canine parvovirus type 2c in Brazil

“…CPV-2c was only isolated in 2018 from naturally infected dogs in the state of Rio Grande do Sul [6]. Given the relevance of CPV-2 as a major cause of canine enteritis, this paper reports the isolation of CPV-2c in cell culture from the feces of a naturally infected dog in the Central-West region of Brazil, followed by the determination of its whole sequence genome.…”