Epidemiological Context and Risk Factors Associated with the Evolution of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract

Since its initial appearance in December 2019, COVID-19 has posed a serious challenge to healthcare authorities worldwide. The purpose of the current study was to identify the epidemiological context associated with the respiratory illness propagated by the spread of COVID-19 and outline various risk factors related to its evolution in the province of Debila (Southeastern Algeria). A retrospective analysis was carried out for a cohort of 612 COVID-19 patients admitted to hospitals between March 2020 and February 2022. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Further, logistic regression analysis was employed to perform the odds ratio. In gendered comparison, males were found to have a higher rate of incidence and mortality compared to females. In terms of age, individuals with advanced ages of 60 years or over were typically correlated with higher rates of incidence and mortality in comparison toindividuals below this age. Furthermore, the current research indicated that peri-urban areas were less affected that the urban regions, which had relatively significant incidence and mortality rates. The summer season was marked with the highest incidence and mortality rate in comparison with other seasons. Patients who were hospitalized, were the age of 60 or over, or characterized by comorbidity, were mainly associated with death evolution (odds ratio [OR] = 8.695; p = 0.000), (OR = 6.192; p = 0.000), and (OR = 2.538; p = 0.000), respectively. The study identifies an important relationship between the sanitary status of patients, hospitalization, over-age categories, and the case severity of the COVID-19 patient.

Dataset Analysis of the Risks for Russian IT Companies Amid the COVID-19 Crisis

“…Published works (Cherry et al 2023;Villegas et al 2023) point to the evolution of business risks, which, in particular, were reflected in credit rankings during the COVID-19 pandemic. Multiple published works by Hadef et al (2022); Ouerfelli et al (2022); Yuan and Pang (2022) and Zhang et al (2022b) note that, during the COVID-19 crisis, especially at the early stage of the pandemic, revenues and competitiveness of businesses were largely predetermined by the situation in healthcare (Zhang et al 2021b), lockdowns that were imposed to fight the viral threat (Zhang et al 2021a) and the related socio-psychological situation in the society-ranging from emotional depression and social drama to euphoria, from the registration of first vaccines and the start of mass vaccination from the new coronavirus infection (Lu 2020).…”