Epidemiological Indicator Value in the Iodine Availability Assessment — Evidence From the Regions of the Russian Federation

Troshina, Ekaterina A.; Rybakova, Anastasia; Kutsev, Sergey I.; Platonova, Nadezhda; Панфилова, Е. А.; Османова, П. О.

doi:10.20514/2226-6704-2019-9-5-367-372

Cited by 4 publications

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“…Уровень тиреотропного гормона (ТТГ) у новорожденных может быть чувствительным маркером йодного дефицита при использовании порогового уровня ТТГ >5 мкЕД/мл. В России ежегодно в результате неонатального скрининга на врожденный гипотиреоз (ВГ) диагностируется свыше 350 новых случаев заболевания: от 356 случаев в 2006 г. до 534 случаев в 2014 г. Отмечается стойкая тенденция к увеличению вновь выявленных случаев ВГ, связанная как с увеличением рождаемости и возрастающей долей охвата новорожденных скринингом, с одной стороны, так и с сохраняющейся проблемой дефицита йода разной степени выраженности на всей территории страны -с другой стороны [7,9].…”

Section: обоснованиеunclassified

“…Учитывая отсутствие в РФ закона о всеобщем йодировании соли, многие регионы до сих пор находятся в условиях умеренного или тяжелого йодного дефицита, и использование скрининга неонатального ТТГ в данных регионах возможно для оценки статуса йодного питания населения [9]. У детей соответствие объема ЩЖ нормативным показателям, разработанным Zimmermann М. и соавт., оценивалось с учетом площади поверхности тела и пола [13].…”

Section: обоснованиеunclassified

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Iodine Deficiency Disorders: Current State of the Problem in the Republic of Crimea

et al. 2021

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Background: The article presents the results of a control and epidemiological study conducted in September 2020 by specialists of the Federal State Budgetary Institution «NMIC of Endocrinology» of the Ministry of Health of Russia, aimed at assessing the current state of iodine provision in the population of the Republic of Crimea. The study in Crimea is part of a number of activities and work carried out on behalf of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation within the framework of state assignments «Scientific assessment of the need for additional regulatory legal and other measures to eliminate iodine deficiency in pilot regions with severe iodine deficiency» and «Epidemiological and molecular-cellular characteristics of tumor, autoimmune and iodine deficiency thyropathies as a basis for prevention of complications and personalization of treatment.The data obtained reflect the state of the problem of iodine consumption on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula and indicate the relevance of the adoption of a regional preventive program aimed at eliminating iodine deficiency in the diet of the population and related diseases.Aim: Assessment of iodine supply of the population of the Republic of CrimeaMaterials and methods: The research was carried out in secondary schools of four districts of the Republic of Crimea — in the years. Simferopol, Belogorsk, Bakhchisarai and Saki.The volume of the study — 356 schoolchildren of 8-10 years old, all were completed: taking anamnesis and anthropometric parameters (height, weight), examination by an endocrinologist with palpation of the thyroid gland (thyroid gland), ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland (thyroid ultrasound), obtaining single portions of urine and samples of table salt (5-10 grams), which is used daily in the diet in their families. The measurements of the height and weight of the children by the standard method were carried out during the examination by a specialist. Thyroid ultrasound was performed in the supine position using a portable LOGIQe ultrasound machine (China) with a 10-15 MHz multifrequency linear transducer. All urine samples (n = 356) in disposable Eppendorf microtubes were immediately frozen at a temperature of minus 20-25°! for further determination of the concentration of iodine in urine using the cerium-arsenite method (based on the clinical diagnostic laboratory of the Federal State Budgetary Institution NMITs endocrinology «of the Ministry of Health of Russia). A qualitative study for the presence of potassium iodate in food table salt samples (n = 203) was carried out on site by the express method.Informed consent was obtained from all parents / guardians of children for the examination and processing of personal data. The permission of the local ethical committee of the Federal State Budgetary Institution «NMIC of Endocrinology» of the Ministry of Health of Russia was received on March 25, 2020, No. 5.Results: According to the results of a survey of 356 children of primary school age, the median concentration of iodine in urine (mCIM) is 97 pg / l and varies from 78 to 98 pg / l in the surveyed areas, the proportion of urine samples with a reduced iodine concentration was 51.2%. The share of iodized salt use in the families of schoolchildren was 12.3% (values range from 10% to 15%). The average incidence of goiter in children according to ultrasound data is 9.5% (range of values from 1.7% to 16.3%).Conclusion.The indicator of the median concentration of iodine in urine indicates an insufficient iodine supply of the population of the Republic of Crimea.The prevalence of goiter in children of primary school age according to the ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland corresponds to the mild severity of iodine deficiency in the mild degree of goiter endemic in the region.The share of households using iodized salt is extremely low and amounts to 12.3%, which does not meet the WHO recommendations for regions with natural iodine deficiency (from 90% or more).

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Iodine Deficiency Disorders: Current State of the Problem in the Republic of Crimea

et al. 2021

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Low-iodine diet before radioactive iodine therapy - to prescribe or not to prescribe

2023

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Iodine is the most important trace element in the human body. Its main function is to participate in the synthesis of thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The main source of iodine for humans is food rich in this trace element. The iodine content in foods varies greatly. The main sources of iodine are seafood, iodized salt, seaweed, as well as dairy products and egg yolks. In addition, iodine is found in a number of drugs for external and internal use, dietary supplements, and in iodinated contrast agents.Low-iodine diet (less than 50 μg per day) is prescribed before radioactive iodine therapy (RAIT) for thyroid diseases, namely hyperthyroidism and differentiated thyroid cancer. Currently, there is no consensus on the clinical benefits of such a diet, especially in countries with iodine deficiency, such as Russia.The aim of this review is to assess the need for a low-iodine diet and its optimal duration, as well as to determine the clinical characteristics affecting the outcome of RAIT, based on data from recent studies.

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Iodine deficiency in pregnant women and newborns in the Saratov region: current state of the problem

et al. 2021

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Introduction. Iodine deficiency remains an urgent challenge for the Russian Federation. Pregnant women should receive prophylactic potassium iodide supplements at a dose of 200–250 mcg per day. To monitor the severity of iodine deficiency in the regions and the efficacy of prenatal iodine prophylaxis, it is prudent to use the neonatal hyperthyrotropinemia rate for newborns (thyroidstimulating hormone level is higher than 5 μIU/L) based on the results of congenital hypothyroidism screening.Objective. To assess the changes in the severity of iodine deficiency and the efficacy of iodine prophylaxis in pregnant women and newborns in the Saratov region based on the incidence of neonatal hyperthyrotropinemia over the past 25 years.Materials and methods. The incidence of neonatal hyperthyrotropinemia in newborns in the Saratov region for the period of 1996–2000 and 2015–2020 was analysed. In total, 229,625 children were examined.Results and discussion. In 1996–2000, neonatal hyperthyrotropinemia was detected in 37.4% of newborns, which was evidence of the presence of moderate iodine deficiency in the region. In 2015–2020, the incidence of neonatal hyperthyrotropinemia decreased by 5.42 times to 6.9% (p < 0.0001) against the background of group iodine prophylaxis in pregnant women, but remained higher than the World Health Organization targets for iodine-rich regions (<3%) suggesting the preservation of mild iodine deficiency in pregnant women and newborns in the Saratov region.Conclusions. Despite the obligatory doctor’s prescription of prenatal group iodine prophylaxis, there is still iodine insufficiency in pregnant women and newborns in the Saratov region, which requires further improvement of the regional iodine deficiency eradication action system in the risk groups. However, significant advances in the fight against iodine deficiency in the nutrition of the Russian population can only be achieved after the adoption of the federal law on universal salt iodization.

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Epidemiological Indicator Value in the Iodine Availability Assessment — Evidence From the Regions of the Russian Federation

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Iodine Deficiency Disorders: Current State of the Problem in the Republic of Crimea

Iodine Deficiency Disorders: Current State of the Problem in the Republic of Crimea

Low-iodine diet before radioactive iodine therapy - to prescribe or not to prescribe

Iodine deficiency in pregnant women and newborns in the Saratov region: current state of the problem

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