Epidemiological Investigation of Fatty Liver Disease and Abnormal Liver Function in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Nersesov, Alexander; Raissova, Aigul; Kaibullayeva, Jamilya; Jumabayeva, Almagul; Novitskaya, Mariya

doi:10.4236/ojepi.2019.94022

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…In Asia, this parameter is lower; in the Chinese population, the average age is 45 years, and in the Japanese population, it is 51 years[ 49 , 50 ]. In a NAFLD study conducted in Kazakhstan, the patients’ average age was 55 years[ 5 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the DIREG 1, DIREG_L_01903, and DIREG 2 studies, up to 27% of the population suffers from NAFLD in Russia[ 4 ]. In Kazakhstan, the morbidity is almost 30%[ 5 ], and in Uzbekistan, it reaches 37%[ 6 ]. Among the NAFLD risk factors, obesity is considered to be one of the key factors: a body mass index (BMI) increase of 1 kg/m 2 is associated with a 13%-38% increased risk of NAFLD development[ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ursodeoxycholic acid as a means of preventing atherosclerosis, steatosis and liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Nadinskaia

Maevskaya

Ивашкин

et al. 2021

WJG

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BACKGROUND Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of mortality in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Weight loss is a key factor for successful NAFLD and CVD therapy. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), which is one of the first-line therapeutic agents for treatment of NAFLD, is reported to have a beneficial effect on dyslipidemia and ASCVD risk because of antioxidant properties. AIM To evaluate the effects of 6 mo of UDCA treatment on hepatic function tests, lipid profile, hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, atherogenesis, and ASCVD risk in men and women with NAFLD, as well as to assess the impact of > 5% weight reduction on these parameters. METHODS An open-label, multicenter, international noncomparative trial was carried out at primary health care settings and included 174 patients with ultrasound-diagnosed NAFLD who received 15 mg/kg/d UDCA for 6 mo and were prescribed lifestyle modification with diet and exercise. The efficacy criteria were liver enzymes, lipid profile, fatty liver index (FLI), noninvasive liver fibrosis tests (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score and liver fibrosis index), carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), and ASCVD risk score. To test statistical hypotheses, the Wilcoxon test, paired t -test, Fisher’s exact test, and Pearson's chi-squared test were used. RESULTS The alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level changed by -14.1 U/L (-31.0; -5.3) from baseline to 3 mo and by -6.5 U/L (-14.0; 0.1) from 3 to 6 mo. The magnitude of ALT, aspartate transaminase, and glutamyltransferase decrease was greater during the first 3 mo of treatment compared to the subsequent 3 mo ( P < 0.001, P < 0.01, P < 0.001, respectively). At 6 mo, in the total sample, we observed a statistically significant decrease in body weight and levels of FLI: 84.9 ± 10.4 vs 72.3 ± 17.6, P < 0.001, total cholesterol: 6.03 ± 1.36 vs 5.76 ± 1.21, Р < 0.001, low-density lipoprotein: 3.86 ± 1.01 vs 3.66 ± 0.91, Р < 0.001, and triglyceride: 3.18 (2.00; 4.29) vs 2.04 (1.40; 3.16), Р < 0.001. No effect on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score or liver fibrosis index was found. The CIMT decreased significantly in the total sample (0.985 ± 0.243 vs 0.968 ± 0.237, P = 0.013), whereas the high-density lipoprotein ( Р = 0.036) and 10-year ASCVD risk ( Р = 0.003) improved significantly only in women. Fifty-four patients (31%) achieved > 5% weight loss. At the end of the study, the FLI decreased significantly in patients with (88.3 ± 10.2 vs ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ursodeoxycholic acid as a means of preventing atherosclerosis, steatosis and liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Nadinskaia

Maevskaya

Ивашкин

et al. 2021

WJG

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Impact of urbanization on gut microbiome mosaics across geographic and dietary contexts

Vinogradova,

Mukhanbetzhanov,

Nurgaziyev

et al. 2024

mSystems

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This study provides a comprehensive assessment of how urban-rural divides influence gut microbial diversity and composition across the distinct geographical landscapes of Kazakhstan, elucidating the intricate interplay between lifestyle, environment, and gut microbiome. In this prospective cohort study, we enrolled 651 participants from urban centers and rural settlements across Kazakhstan, following ethical approval and informed consent. Comprehensive demographic, dietary, and stool sample data were collected. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomics techniques were employed to delineate the intricate patterns of the gut microbiome. A rigorous statistical framework dissected the interplay between urbanization gradients, geography, dietary lifestyles, and microbial dynamics. Our findings demonstrate a stark microbial divide between urban and rural gut ecosystems. The study found significant differences in gut microbiome diversity and composition between urban and rural populations in Kazakhstan. Urban microbiomes exhibited reduced diversity, higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratios, and increased prevalence of genera Coprococcus and Parasutterella . In contrast, rural populations had greater microbial diversity and abundance of Ligilactobacillus , Sutterella , and Paraprevotella . Urbanization also influenced dietary patterns, with urban areas consuming more salt, cholesterol, and protein, while rural areas had diets richer in carbohydrates and fiber. The study also identified distinct patterns in the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors between urban and rural gut microbiomes. This study sheds light on how urbanization may be deeply involved in shaping the intricate mosaic of the gut microbiome across Kazakhstan’s diverse geographical and dietary landscapes, underscoring the complex interplay between environmental exposures, dietary lifestyles, and the microbial residents inhabiting our intestines. IMPORTANCE The study examined gut microbiome composition across diverse geographical locations in Kazakhstan, spanning urban centers and rural settlements. This allows for thoroughly investigating how urbanization gradients and geographic factors shape the gut microbiome. The study's examination of the gut resistome and prevalence of virulence-associated genes provide essential insights into the public health implications of urbanization-driven microbiome alterations. Collecting comprehensive demographic, dietary, and stool sample data enables the researchers to better understand the relationships between urbanization, nutritional patterns, and gut microbiome composition. The findings have important implications for understanding how urbanization-driven microbiome changes may impact human health and well-being, paving the way for tailored interventions to restore a balanced gut microbial ecology.

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Polymorphism of the TLR3 gene in Predisposition to Chronic Viral Hepatitis B and C in the population of Turkic-speaking peoples

Nurlanova,

Iskakova,

Astrakhanov

et al. 2024

RJPT

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Background: Over the past four years, more than 19000 cases of viral hepatitis B have been registered in Kazakhstan. Mortality from liver cirrhosis as a result of chronic hepatitis B and C ranks first among gastroenterological diseases in the Republic. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is an effector of innate immune responses and plays a key role in the body's antiviral defense. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the latest scientific data regarding TLR3 polymorphism variants in Turkic-speaking countries and their influence on the predisposition and course of chronic hepatitis B and C. Materials and Methods: To achieve the goal, relevant papers over the past 5 years in scientific medical publications on academic search platforms were selected and processed. Results: The paper analyzes variants of TLR3 polymorphisms in terms of their involvement and predisposition to the development of viral hepatitis among Turkic-speaking peoples. It has been established that the Phe/Leu substitution is associated with a decrease in the activity of adaptive immunity reactions and hyperproduction of interleukins; TLR3 single nucleotide polymorphisms of the rs5743305 (T/A) and rs3775291 species among Turkic-speaking peoples do not affect the nature of progressed viral hepatitis B and C. The rs13126816 variant is associated with a predisposition to infection and the active course of the chronic form of hepatitis C. The G-allele rs13126816 TLR3 is associated with a high probability spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C. The TLR3 single nucleotide polymorphism rs3775291 may be associated with pathological immune responses during the primary development of viral hepatitis B. Conclusion: Thus, the study of the presence of TLR3 polymorphisms in patients of Turkic-speaking countries with viral hepatitis B and C, or in groups of patients with an increased risk of infection, affects the understanding peculiarities of antiviral protection in mutation carriers, the intensity of innate immunity reactions, as well as enables predicting the nature of the course of a chronic process and the risk of developing terminal complications.

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Epidemiological Investigation of Fatty Liver Disease and Abnormal Liver Function in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Ursodeoxycholic acid as a means of preventing atherosclerosis, steatosis and liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Ursodeoxycholic acid as a means of preventing atherosclerosis, steatosis and liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Impact of urbanization on gut microbiome mosaics across geographic and dietary contexts

Polymorphism of the TLR3 gene in Predisposition to Chronic Viral Hepatitis B and C in the population of Turkic-speaking peoples

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