Epidemiological studies on gastroenteritis in children in the Bannu district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Khan, Muhammad Ashraf

doi:10.1007/s10389-021-01592-0

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In the medicinal category, 13 species show 100% fidelity showing that people have assigned specific roles to some plants specifically curing ailments [ 63 ]. Human food encompasses 7 species with perfect fidelity indicating the knowledge of the people about the nutritious plants in the mountains [ 64 , 65 ]. Amidst the spectrum of fidelity levels, there are species like Cuscuta europaea (98%), Trachydium roylei (90%), and Quercus baloot (92%), reflecting a historical and enduring use by the community.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Markedly, Juglandaceae and Platanaceae stand out as the top-ranking families, each boasting a substantial FIV of 0.91. The significance of Juglandaceae, exemplified by species like Juglans regia , extends to the local communities due to its multifaceted contributions in terms of nutrition, medicine, and income generation [ 64 , 65 ]. Platanaceae, particularly with the presence of Platanus orientalis as a primary source of timber production, holds greater importance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The ethnobotanical heritage of Lotkuh, a high-altitude tribal haven of Chitral, the Eastern Hindu Kush, Pakistan

Ullah,

Badshah

2024

J Ethnobiology Ethnomedicine

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Background In northwestern Pakistan, Lotkuh is a high-altitude terrain nestled within the eastern Hindu Kush region. Enclaved by towering peaks and harboring a unique culture, the region mirrors the geographical and cultural diversity of Pakistan. In this geographically isolated region, a treasure trove of ethnobotanical knowledge unfolds through generations of interaction between the inhabitants and indigenous plants, resulting in a profound understanding of the plant uses in nutritional, medicinal, cultural, and ritual contexts. Thus, the study seeks to gather, analyze, and document the indigenous knowledge of plant utilization of the distinct tribal culture. Methods Through semi-structured questionnaires, inventory interviews, and participatory workshops, data were collected by engaging a cohort of 120 local respondents. The collected data were then classified into nine distinct use categories, following which quantitative indices were calculated. Results The research identified a total of 150 plant species spanning across 59 different families and categorized them into 9 distinct usage groups. Among these, Astragalus oihorensis, Astragalus owirensis, Cicer nuristanicum, Geranium parmiricum, and Rochelia chitralensis stand out as novel species with distinctive applications. Notably, medicinal use garnered 600 reports, while animal feed, veterinary applications, human consumption, and toxicity recorded 500, 450, 425, and 104 reports, respectively. Informant consensus was high ranging between 0.8 and 0.9 with most agreement on human food and animal feed category. Platanus orientalis and Juglans regia, with RFC 0.91, were the most cited. The Family Importance Value (FIV) of Juglandaceae and Platanaceae, each with an FIV of 0.91, and Capparidaceae with an FIV of 0.83 indicate the intricate role the families play. Conclusions In this study, we explore 150 ethnobotanical species, uncovering novel entries within ethnobotanical literature. Among these, several species showcase unique uses previously undocumented in Pakistani literature. Our research sheds light on the intricate interaction between plants and the distinct cultural landscape of the Lotkuh region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ethnobotanical heritage of Lotkuh, a high-altitude tribal haven of Chitral, the Eastern Hindu Kush, Pakistan

Ullah,

Badshah

2024

J Ethnobiology Ethnomedicine

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“…Further, plant growth conditions, developmental stages, specific parts of the plant, and consumption amounts are all critical factors that influence the outcome ( Dixit, 2007 ). The poisoning is also influenced by various chemical factors like size of particles, solubility, toxicity, rate of absorption and excretion, tendency to bind with body tissues or fluids, and absence of established metabolic processes ( Khan et al, 2018 ). Diagnosis of plant-induced livestock poisoning involves considering the animals’ history, observed clinical symptoms, postmortem findings, signs of plant consumption through grazing or browsing, and the presence of toxic plants in the gastrointestinal tract ( Botha and Penrith, 2008 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The harmful effects of poisoning can appear in ways, such as through contact, ingestion, absorption, and inhalation ( Khan et al, 2018 ). Animals that encounter plants may experience symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An appraisal of traditional knowledge of plant poisoning of livestock and its validation through acute toxicity assay in rats

Rasool,

Nizamani,

Ahmad

et al. 2024

Front. Pharmacol.

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Background: Kashmir Himalaya hosts the most diverse and rich flora in the world, which serves as grazing land for millions of small ruminants in the area. While most plant species are beneficial, some can be poisonous, causing economic losses and animal health issues for livestock. Consequently, this study is the first comprehensive report on the traditional phyto-toxicological knowledge in District Muzaffarabad and the assessment of its authenticity through experimental studies in rats.Methods: The data regarding traditional knowledge was gathered from 70 key respondents through semi-structured interviews, which was quantitatively analyzed and authenticated through plant extract testing on Wistar female rats and comparison with published resources.Results: A total of 46 poisonous plant species belonging to 23 families and 38 genera were reported to be poisonous in the study area. Results revealed that leaves were the most toxic plant parts (24 species, 52.1%), followed by the whole plant (18 species, 39.1%), stem (17 species, 36.9%), and seeds (10 species, 21.7%). At the organ level, liver as most susceptible affected by 13 species (28.2%), followed by the gastrointestinal tract (15 species, 32.6%), nervous system (13 species, 8.2%), dermis (8 species, 17.3%), renal (7 species, 15.2%), respiratory (4 species, 8.7%), cardiovascular system (3 species, 6.5%), and reproductive system (2 species, 4.3%). The poisonous plant species with high Relative frequency citation (RFC) and fidelity level (FL) were Nerium oleander (RFC, 0.6; FL, 100), Lantana camara (RFC, 0.6; FL, 100), and Ricinus communis (RFC, 0.6; FL, 100). Experimental assessment of acute toxicity assay in rats revealed that Nerium oleander was the most toxic plant with LD50 of (4,000 mg/kg), trailed by Ricinus communis (4,200 mg/kg), L. camara (4,500 mg/kg), and Datura stramonium (4,700 mg/kg); however, other plants showed moderate to mild toxicity. The major clinical observations were anorexia, piloerection, dyspnea, salivation, tachypnea, constipation, diarrhea, tremor, itchiness, and dullness.Conclusion: This study showed that numerous poisonous plants pose a significant risk to the livestock industry within Himalayan territory, leading to substantial economic losses. Consequently, it is of utmost importance to conduct further comprehensive studies on the phytotoxicity of plants.

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“…e obtained data may be unclear in a number of real-world scenarios. Several researchers have turned to neutrosophical philosophy to solve the issues of incomplete data [20][21][22]. In the domain of neutrosophic statistics, conventional statistical approaches have been rigorous in their treatment of ambiguous data processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalized Pareto Model: Properties and Applications in Neutrosophic Data Modeling

Khan

Almazah

Odhah

et al. 2022

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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The Pareto distribution is widely used to model industrial, biological, engineering, and other various types of data. A new generalized model, namely the neutrosophic Pareto distribution (NPD), is developed in this article. The proposed model is a neutrosophic variant of the classical Pareto distribution, potentially useful for analyzing vague, unclear, indeterminate, or imprecise data. The structure form of the proposed distribution is skewed to the right and determined to be unimodal. Several characteristics of the NPD are investigated under the neutrosophic framework. The expressions for basic properties such as mean, variance, raw moments, and shape coefficients are obtained. The maximum likelihood approach is presented for estimating the imprecise distributional parameters of the proposed model. The extended notions of the NPD are explained with various key functions in the domain of applied statistical methods. Finally, the practical benefits of NPD are proven by analyzing two real datasets.

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Epidemiological studies on gastroenteritis in children in the Bannu district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Cited by 9 publications

References 44 publications

The ethnobotanical heritage of Lotkuh, a high-altitude tribal haven of Chitral, the Eastern Hindu Kush, Pakistan

The ethnobotanical heritage of Lotkuh, a high-altitude tribal haven of Chitral, the Eastern Hindu Kush, Pakistan

An appraisal of traditional knowledge of plant poisoning of livestock and its validation through acute toxicity assay in rats

Generalized Pareto Model: Properties and Applications in Neutrosophic Data Modeling

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