Epidemiological Studies on Hard Ticks and Tick Borne Parasites, in Shalatin City, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt

Abstract

of five forms, the banana forms were the highest, followed by the spindle, club, crescentic and rod. While examination of salivary glands of engorged nymphs and moderate feed and unfed adult H.dromedarii ticks showed the developmental stages of Theileria.

Microscopic and molecular detection of piroplasms among sheep in Upper Egypt

“…Additionally, humidity levels fluctuate considerably, ranging from a low of 25% in May to a peak of 52% in January. The sample size was determined based on a 95% confidence level to detect exposure to the parasites, assuming a maximum individual prevalence of 52% in Egypt ( 30 , 42 ). The sampled sheep encompassed both sexes and various age groups.…”

“…This assessment utilizes a combination of microscopic methods, followed by molecular identification of the parasites. The sample size was determined based on a 95% confidence level to detect exposure to the parasites, assuming a maximum individual prevalence of 52% in Egypt (30,42). The sampled sheep encompassed both sexes and various age groups.…”

“…Clearly, routine surveillance of these parasites among small ruminants in a particular area is essential for understanding the prevalence of these diseases and implementing effective control measures. While some prior studies have been conducted on ovine babesiosis and theileriosis in Egypt [ Table 1 ; references ( 4 , 30 – 32 , 34 – 39 )], there is a notable scarcity of research, especially the molecular work in the southern region of the country, namely Upper Egypt. Considering the importance of understanding factors affecting infection exposure within natural populations, it is crucial for comprehending host-parasite dynamics, predicting infection susceptibility, and maintaining biological equilibrium ( 40 ).…”