Epidemiological study of hepatitis E virus infection in European wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Spain

Deus, Nilsa de; Peralta, Bibiana; Pina, Sonia; Allepuz, Alberto; Mateu, Enric; Vidal, Dolors; Ruiz‐Fons, Francisco; Martı́n, Marga; Gortázar, Christian; Segalés, Joaquím

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.11.002

Cited by 122 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Several studies have investigated the presence of HEV in wild boars in Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, and France (3,12,17,19). In Europe overall, the seroprevalence varies between 12% in the Netherlands (17) and 61.6% in Slovenia (7), with Spanish seroprevalence at 47.2% (5). Studies of wildlife in Poland confirmed that HEV circulates in the wild boar population, which creates a potential risk of virus transmission to domestic animals and humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary study on the detection of hepatitis E virus (HEV) antibodies in pigs and wild boars in Poland

Weiner

Tokarska-Rodak

Plewik³

et al. 2016

Journal of Veterinary Research

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Introduction: Although HEV infection in pigs does not pose a major economic risk to pork production, the risk of zoonotic transmission to humans is an important aspect of public health. HEV genotype 3 infections were reported in developed countries in individuals who had consumed raw meat or meat products from deer, wild boars, or pigs. The aim of the study was the analysis of the occurrence of HEV-specific antibodies among wild boars and domestic pigs in Poland. Material and Methods: A total of 290 samples from wild boars and 143 samples from pigs were tested. The antibodies were tested by ELISA. Results: The presence of anti-HEV IgG was demonstrated in 44.1% of pigs and 31.0% of wild boars. Anti-HEV IgG antibodies were detected in 1.4% of samples from pigs and in 2.1% of samples from wild boars at borderline level. The statistical analysis shows significant differences in the positive results for anti-HEV IgG between the groups of pigs and wild boars (P = 0.0263). Conclusion: Regular surveillance of the occurrence of HEV in swine and wild boars should be performed in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary study on the detection of hepatitis E virus (HEV) antibodies in pigs and wild boars in Poland

Weiner

Tokarska-Rodak

Plewik³

et al. 2016

Journal of Veterinary Research

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“…Infection in pigs can be symptomatic [59][60][61] but most often infections remain clinically undetected [47,[62][63][64][65]. Close relatedness has been found between HEV gt3 nucleotide sequences from pigs and wild boar and those from human cases [6,32,41,51,60,61,63,64,[66][67][68][69][70][71]. HEV carried by a human case in the UK had 100 % aminoacid sequence homology to a UK pig HEV sequence but no transmission link between them could be defined [72].…”

Section: Potential For Zoonotic Transmission By Direct Animal Contactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission routes and risk factors for autochthonous hepatitis E virus infection in Europe: a systematic review

2009

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SUMMARYIncreasing numbers of non-travel-associated hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections have been reported in Europe in recent years. Our objective was to review the evidence on risk factors and transmission routes of autochthonous HEV infection and hepatitis E in Europe in order to develop recommendations for future research, prevention and control. A systematic literature review was performed to identify all primary reports and studies published during 1998-2008 on hepatitis E in humans and animals in Europe by searching Pubmed, reference lists of major articles and international conference proceedings. Each of the 106 included studies was categorized into one of three evidence levels (EL) based on study design and diagnostic methodology. The evidence was generally weak (73 were assigned to EL1, two to both EL1 and EL2, and 30 to EL2), further compounded by the use of poorly validated serological assays in some studies. Only one casecontrol study was assigned to EL3. Persons with autochthonous hepatitis E infection were on average older than the general population and predominantly male. There was no evidence for one main transmission route of HEV infection or risk factor for hepatitis E. However, zoonotic transmission seemed likely and person-to-person transmission too inefficient to cause clinical disease. Multiple routes of transmission probably exist and should be further investigated through analytical studies and reliable diagnostic kits. Based on current evidence that points to zoonotic transmission from pigs, thorough cooking of all porcine products, prevention of crosscontamination in the kitchen and improved education for occupationally exposed people (e.g. pig farmers, veterinarians and sewage workers) may help prevent HEV infection. Although evidence for parenteral transmission is limited, it is recommended that a risk assessment is undertaken.

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“…Genotype 3 is widely distributed and has been isolated from sporadic cases of acute human HEV infection and /or domestic pigs in several countries throughout the world (Okamoto, 2007). In addition, strains of HEV genotype 3 have been identified in many other animal reservoirs including wild boar (Sonoda et al 2004;De Deus et al 2008) and deer (Tei et al 2003;Reuter et al 2009). Moreover, genotype 3, the most prevalent HEV genotype worldwide, possesses a varied distribution of its 10 subtypes.…”

Section: Geographical Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of Hepatitis E Virus (Hev) in South America: Current Status

Mirazo¹,

Ramos²,

Arbiza³

2012

VR&R

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a common causative agent of acute hepatitis in many developing countries where standards of sanitation and hygiene are poor. HEV is transmitted primarily by the fecal-oral route. However, zoonotic trasmission from animal reservoirs to human by consumption of raw or undercooked meat has also been suggested. In endemic areas, HEV infection occurs as large waterborne epidemics and/or small outbreaks. Sporadic cases of HEV infection have also been reported in developed countries, where its occurrence is not always associated with travel to highly endemic areas. HEV mammalian isolates are classifi ed into four genotypes 1-4, which appear to have a specifi c host range and geographical distribution. The epidemiology of HEV in South America seems to be complex and seroprevalence in human and domestic pigs diff ers both among populations within the same countries and between countries. Additionally, HEV strains have been detected and molecularly characterized and genotype 3 is the most frequently genotype found in the region. Moreover, except for two strains isolated from autochthonous cases of acute hepatitis that occurred in Venezuela and belonged to genotype 1, all sequences detected in South America were classifi ed as within genotype 3. Our understanding of HEV epidemiology has undergone major changes in recent years and despite the fact that several attempts to shed light over the epidemiology of this infection have been carried out in South America, data about the molecular characterization of HEV isolates is still lacking and further investigation is needed. This review summarizes the current status of HEV molecular epidemiology from a regional point of view.

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Epidemiological study of hepatitis E virus infection in European wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Spain

Cited by 122 publications

References 31 publications

Preliminary study on the detection of hepatitis E virus (HEV) antibodies in pigs and wild boars in Poland

Preliminary study on the detection of hepatitis E virus (HEV) antibodies in pigs and wild boars in Poland

Transmission routes and risk factors for autochthonous hepatitis E virus infection in Europe: a systematic review

Molecular Epidemiology of Hepatitis E Virus (Hev) in South America: Current Status

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